Explanatory Notes
See Headnote
Apparatus Notes
See Headnotes
CHAPTER 34
[begin page 221]

CHAPTER 34

The emendation mountains are very high and steep about Carson, Eagle and Washoe Valleys—very high and very steep, and so when the snow gets to melting off fast in the springemendation and the warm surface-earth begins to moisten and soften, the disastrous land-slides commence. The reader cannotemendation know what a land-slide is, unless he hasemendation lived in that country and seen the whole side of a mountain taken off some fine morning and deposited down in the valley, leaving a vast, treeless, unsightly scar upon the mountain’s front to keep the circumstance fresh in hisemendation memory all the years that heemendation may go on living within seventy miles of that place.

Gen.emendation Buncombe was shipped out to Nevada in the invoice of Territorial officers, to be U. S.emendation Attorney. He considered himself a lawyer of parts, and he very much wanted an opportunity to manifest it—partly for the pure gratification of it and partly because his salary was Territorially meagreexplanatory note (which is a strong expression.) Now the older citizens of a new territory look downemendation upon the rest of the world with a calm, benevolent compassionemendation, as long as it keeps out of the way—when it gets in the way they snub it. Sometimes this latter takes the shape of a practical joke.

One morning Dick Hydeemendation rode furiously up to Gen.emendation Buncombe’s door in Carson City and rushed into his presence without stopping to tie his horse. He seemed much excited. He told the General that he wanted him to conductemendation a suit for him and would pay him five hundred dollars if he achieved a victory. And then, with violent gestures and a world of profanity, he poured out his griefs. He said it was pretty well known that for some years he had been farming (or ranching as the more customary term is,) in Washoe District, and making a successful thing of it, and furthermore it was known that his ranch was situated just in the edge of the valleyexplanatory note, and that [begin page 222] Tom Morganexplanatory note owned a ranch immediately above it on the mountain side. And now the trouble was that one of those hated and dreaded land-slides had come and slid Morgan’s ranch, fences, cabins, cattle, barns and everythingemendation down on top of his ranch and

taking possession.
exactly covered up every single vestige of his property, to a depth of about thirty-eightemendation feet. Morgan was in possession and refused to vacate the premises—said he was occupying hisemendation own cabin and not interfering with anybodyemendation else’s—and said theemendation cabin was standing on the same dirt and same ranch it had always stood on, and heemendation would like to see anybodyemendation make him vacate.

“And when I reminded him,” said Hydeemendation, weeping, “that it was on top of my ranch and that he was trespassing, he had the infernal meanness to ask me why didn’t I stay on my ranch and hold possession when I see him a comingemendation! Why didn’t I stay on it, the blathering lunatic—byemendation George, when I heard that racket and looked up that hill it was just like the whole world was a ripping and a tearing down that mountain side—splinters, and cord-wood, thunder and lightning, hail and snow, odds and ends of hay stacks, and awful clouds of dust!—trees going end over end in the air, rocks as big as a house jumping ’bout a thousand feet high and busting into ten million pieces, cattle turned inside out and a comingemendation head on with their tails hanging out between their teeth!—emendation and in the midst of all that wrack and destruction sot that cussed Morgan on his gate-post, a wonderingemendation why I didn’t stay [begin page 223] and hold possession! Laws bless me,emendation I just took one glimpseemendation, General, and litemendation out’n the countyemendation in three jumps exactly.

“But what grinds me is that that Morgan hangs on there and won’t move off’n that ranch—says it’s his’n and he’s going to keep it—likes it better’n he did when it was higher up the hill. Mad! Well, I’ve been so mad for two days I couldn’t find my way to town—been wandering around in the brush in a starving condition—gotemendation anythingemendation here to drink, General? But I’m here now, and I’m a goingemendation to law. You hear me!

Never in all the world, perhaps, were a man’s feelings so outraged as were the General’s. He said he had never heard of such high-handed conduct in all his life as this Morgan’s. And he said there was no use in going to law—Morgan had no shadow of right to remain where he was—nobody in the wide world would uphold him in it, and no lawyer would take his case and no judge listen to it. Hydeemendation said that right there was where he was mistaken—everybodyemendation in town sustained Morgan; Hal Brayton, a very smart lawyerexplanatory note, had taken his case; the courts being in vacation, it was to be tried before a refereeexplanatory note, and ex-Governor Roopexplanatory note had already been appointed to that office and would open his court in a large public hall near the hotel at twoemendation that afternoon.

The Generalemendation was amazed. He said he had suspected before that the people of that Territory were fools, and now he knew it. But he said rest easy, rest easy and collect the witnessesemendation, for the victory was just as certain as if the conflict were already over. Hydeemendation wiped away his tears and left.

At twoemendation in the afternoon referee Roop’s courtemendation opened, and Roopemendation appeared throned among his sheriffs, theemendation witnesses, and spectatorsemendation, and wearing upon his face a solemnityemendation so awe-inspiring that some of his fellow-conspirators had misgivings that maybe he had not comprehended, after all, that this was merely a joke. An unearthly stillness prevailed, for at the slightest noise the judge uttered sternly the command:

“Order in the courtemendation!”

And the sheriffs promptly echoed it. Presently the General elbowed his way through the crowd of spectators, with his arms full of law-books, and on his ears fell an order from the judge which [begin page 224] was the first respectful recognition of his high official dignity that had ever saluted them, and it trickled pleasantly through his whole systememendation:

“Way for the United States Attorney!”

a great effort.

The witnesses were called—legislators, high government officers, ranchmenemendation, miners, Indians, Chinamen, negroes. Three-fourths of them were called by the defendant Morgan, but no matter, their testimony invariably went in favor of the plaintiff Hydeemendation. Each new witness only added new testimony to the absurdity of a man’s claiming to own another man’s property because his farm had slid down on top of it. Then the Morgan lawyers made their speeches, and seemed to make singularly weak ones—they did really nothing to help the Morgan cause. And now the General, with exultation inemendation his face, got up and made an impassionedemendation effort; he pounded the table, he banged the law-booksemendation, he shouted, and roared, and howled, he quoted from everythingemendation and everybodyemendation, poetry, sarcasm, statistics, history, pathos, bathos,emendation blasphemy, and [begin page 225] wound up with a grand war-whoop for free speech, freedom of the press, free schools, the Glorious Bird of America and the principles of eternal justice! [Applause.]

When the General sat down, he did it with the convictionemendation that if there was anythingemendation in good strong testimony, a greatemendation speech and believing and admiring countenances all around, Mr. Morgan’s case was killedemendation. Ex-Governor Roop leant his head upon his hand for some minutes, thinkingemendation, and the still audience waitedemendation for his decision. Then he got up and stood erect, with bended head, and thought again. Then he walked the floor with long, deliberate strides, hisemendation chin in his hand, and still the audience waited. At last he returned to his throne, seated himself, and began, impressively:emendation

“Gentlemen, I feel the great responsibility that rests upon me this day. This is no ordinary case. On the contrary it is plain that it is the most solemn and awful that ever man was called upon to decide. Gentlemen, I have listened attentively to the evidence, and have perceived thatemendation the weight of it, the overwhelmingemendation weight of it,emendation is in favor of the plaintiff Hydeemendation. I have listened also to the remarks of counsel, with high interest—and especially will I commend the masterly and irrefutable logic of the distinguished gentleman who represents the plaintiff. But gentlemen, let us beware how we allow mereemendation human testimony, human ingenuity in argument and human ideas of equity to influence usemendation at a moment so solemn as this.emendation Gentlemen, it ill becomes us, worms as we are, to meddle with the decrees of Heaven. It is plain to me that Heaven, in its inscrutable wisdom, has seen fit to move this defendant’s ranch for a purpose. We are but creatures, and we must submit. If Heaven has chosen to favor the defendant Morgan in this marked and wonderful manner; and if Heaven, dissatisfiedemendation with the position of the Morgan ranch upon the mountain side, has chosen to remove it to a position more eligible and more advantageous for its owner, it ill becomes us, insects as we are, to question the legality of the act or inquire into the reasons that prompted itemendation. No—Heaven created the ranches and it is Heaven’s prerogative to reärrange them, to experiment with them, to shift them around at its pleasure. It is for us to submit, without repining. I warn you that [begin page 226] this thing which has happened is a thing with which the sacrilegious hands and brains and tongues of men must not meddle. Gentlemen, it is the verdict of this court that the plaintiff, Richard Hydeemendation, has been deprived of his ranch by the visitation of God! And from this decision there is no appeal.”

reärrangingemendation and shifting.

Buncombe seized his cargo of law-booksemendation and plunged out of the court room frantic with indignationemendation. He pronounced Roop to be a miraculous foolemendation, an inspired idiot. In all good faith he returned at night and remonstrated with Roop upon his extravagant decision, and implored him to walk the flooremendation and think for half an hour, and see if he could not figure out some sort of modification of the verdict. Roop yielded at last and got up to walk. He walked two hours and a half, and at last his face lit up happily and he told Buncombe it had occurred to him that the ranch underneath the new Morgan ranch still belonged to Hydeemendation, that his title to the groundemendation was just as good as it had ever been, and therefore he was of opinion that Hydeemendation had a right to dig it out from under there and—

[begin page 227] The General never waited to hear the end of it. He was always an impatient and irascible man, that way. At the end of two months the fact that he had been played upon with a joke had managed to bore itself, like another Hoosac Tunnelexplanatory note, through the solid adamant of his understanding.emendation

Editorial Emendations CHAPTER 34
  The  (A)  •  It was in the early days of Nevada Territory. The (BE) 
  spring (C)  •  Spring (BE) 
  The reader cannot (A)  •  You do not (BE) 
  he has (A)  •  you have (BE) 
  his (A)  •  your (BE) 
  he (A)  •  you (BE) 
  Gen. (C)  •  General (BE) 
  U. S. (C)  •  United States (BE) 
  down (A)  •  not in  (BE) 
  benevolent compassion (A)  •  unmalignant contempt (BE) 
  Hyde (A)  •  Sides (BE) 
  Gen. (C)  •  General (BE) 
  conduct (A)  •  defend (BE) 
  everything (A)  •  every thing (BE) 
  thirty-eight (A)  •  six (BE) 
  he was occupying his (BE Ac)  •  was occupying (Ad Ae Af Ag) 
  anybody (A)  •  any body (BE) 
  the (A)  •  not in  (BE) 
  he (A)  •  not in  (BE) 
  anybody (A)  •  any body (BE) 
  Hyde (A)  •  Sides (BE) 
  a coming (C)  •  a-coming (A)  coming (BE) 
  by (A)  •  and by (BE) 
  a coming (C)  •  a-coming (BE) 
  splinters . . . teeth!— (A)  •  trees going end over end in the air, rocks as big as a house jumping about a thousand feet high and busting into ten million pieces, cattle literally turned inside out and a-coming head on with their tails hanging out between their teeth—Oh, splinters, and cord-wood, and thunder and lightning, and hail and snow, odds and ends of hay stacks and things, and dust—Oh, dust ain’t no name for it—it was just clouds, solid clouds of dust!— (BE) 
  a wondering (C)  •  a-wondering (BE) 
  didn’t . . . me, (A)  •  did n’t stay and hold possession; likely! Umph! (BE) 
  glimpse (A)  •  glimpse of that speckticle (BE) 
  lit (A)  •  I lit (BE) 
  county (A)  •  country (BE) 
  condition—got (A)  •  condition–got (BE) 
  anything (A)  •  any thing (BE) 
  a going (C)  •  a-going (BE) 
  Hyde (A)  •  Sides (BE) 
  everybody (A)  •  every body (BE) 
  a . . . two (A)  •  the largest parlor of the Ormbsy House at 2 (BE) 
  General (A)  •  innocent General (BE) 
  witnesses (A)  •  wienesses (BE) 
  Hyde (A)  •  Sides (BE) 
  two (A)  •  2 (BE) 
  court (C)  •  Court (BE) 
  Roop (A)  •  that remorseless old joker (BE) 
  the (A)  •  his (BE) 
  spectators (A)  •  a “packed” jury (BE) 
  solemnity (A)  •  fraudulent solemnity (BE) 
  court (C)  •  Court (BE) 
  trickled . . . system (A)  •  saturated his whole system with pleasure (BE) 
  ranchmen (A)  •  ranch men (BE) 
  Hyde (A)  •  Sides (BE) 
  exultation in (A)  •  a great glow of triumph on (BE) 
  an impassioned (A)  •  a mighty (BE) 
  law-books (A)  •  law-  |  books (BE) 
  everything (A)  •  every thing (BE) 
  everybody (A)  •  every body (BE) 
  bathos, (A)  •  and (BE) 
  conviction (A)  •  comfortable conviction (BE) 
  was anything (A)  •  were any thing (BE) 
  great (A)  •  big (BE) 
  case was killed (A)  •  cake was dough (BE) 
  thinking (A)  •  thinking profoundly (BE) 
  waited (A)  •  waited breathlessly (BE) 
  his (A)  •  and his (BE) 
  throne . . . impressively: (A)  •  throne and seated himself. The sheriffs commanded the attention of the Court. Judge Roop cleared his throat and said: (BE) 
  have perceived that (A)  •  not in  (BE) 
  overwhelming (A)  •  over-  |  whelming (BE) 
  it, (A)  •  it  (BE) 
  Hyde (A)  •  Sides (BE) 
  mere (A)  •  not in  (BE) 
  us (A)  •  us to our undoing (BE) 
  this. (A)  •  this? (BE) 
  dissatisfied (A)  •  unsatisfied (BE) 
  or . . . it (A)  •  not in  (BE) 
  Hyde (A)  •  Sides (BE) 
  reärranging  (C)  •  rearranging  (A) 
  law-books (A)  •  law books (BE) 
  frantic with indignation (A)  •  a raving madman, almost (BE) 
  fool (A)  •  ass, a fool (BE) 
  floor (A)  •  fioor (BE) 
  Hyde (A)  •  Sides (BE) 
  ground (A)  •  ground itself (BE) 
  Hyde (A)  •  Sides (BE) 
  months . . . understanding. (A)  •  weeks he got it through his understanding that he had been played upon with a joke. indented from right Mark Twain. (BE) 
Explanatory Notes CHAPTER 34
 Gen. Buncombe . . . his salary was Territorially meagre] “Buncombe” is a facetious name for Benjamin B. Bunker (b. 1815), a New Hampshire lawyer appointed United States attorney for Nevada Territory in March 1861. Because Bunker was expected to earn substantial fees in private legal practice, his annual salary as United States attorney was merely $250, as compared with the top salary of $3,000 for a territorial official. By July he had established a law practice in Carson City, but his residence in the territory was short-lived: in January 1862 he requested a leave of absence, and on 1 May he left the West, never to return. In June 1863 President Lincoln removed the absentee attorney from office. Clemens’s letters of the period reveal that he was well acquainted with Bunker, toward whom he developed a decidedly [begin page 632] irreverent attitude, adopting his name for the plodding, ruminative horse he rode on the trip to Humboldt (Anderson and Branch, 9–13; L1 , 131, 135 n. 6, 147–48, 234, 235 n. 4).
 Dick Hyde . . . his ranch was situated just in the edge of the valley] In his two earlier versions of the landslide case, Mark Twain used the real name of the plaintiff, Richard D. Sides (1825–1901). (Mark Twain may have been influenced by a historical connection between Sides and the Mormon leader Orson Hyde when he made this revision for Roughing It: see Anderson and Branch, 14–16, 24–27, 50). Sides, who was well known throughout the region, began ranching in Washoe Valley in the early 1850s, held offices in Carson County during the period of Mormon colonization, and staked an early claim on the Comstock lode. His ranch was outside Franktown, near the lower slopes of the Sierra Nevada ( Carson County Census , 123; Doten, 3:2106; see supplement B, map 3).
 Tom Morgan] Clemens’s 1863 Call letter and an entry in his 1865 notebook identify the defendant as Tom Rust, about whom nothing further is known (SLC 1863p; N&J1 , 79; Anderson and Branch, 54 n. 25).
 Hal Brayton, a very smart lawyer] Clemens’s friend Patrick Henry (Hal) Clayton (d. 1874), an early settler of Carson City. Clayton, who was appointed prosecuting attorney for the county in 1860, was a noted secessionist and a central figure in the boisterous proceedings of the Third House, Nevada’s burlesque territorial legislature. He appeared as counsel for the defense in at least one other mock trial, in Virginia City in 1865 (Anderson and Branch, 13–14, 19; Marsh, 677 n. 108).
 the courts being in vacation, it was to be tried before a referee] Nevada tradition and internal evidence suggest that the mock trial, intended as an elaborate practical joke on Bunker, actually took place in Carson City sometime during the first two weeks of February 1862, before the courts began their regular session on 17 February (Anderson and Branch, 19, 23–24).
 ex-Governor Roop] Isaac N. Roop’s title dated from his brief tenure in 1859 as governor of the unauthorized provisional territory of Nevada. He also served as a recorder of land deeds for a number of years in this period and was known as an expert on property rights (Anderson and Branch, 16–18; see also the notes at 166.24–29 and 166.27). Mark Twain called Roop “that remorseless old joker” in his 1870 Buffalo Express version of the tale (SLC 1870e).
 Hoosac Tunnel] When Roughing It was published, this five-mile railroad tunnel through the Hoosac Mountains in western Massachusetts— [begin page 633] the second longest in the world at that time—had been under construction for nearly fifteen years. In November 1873 its excavation was finally complete; the tunnel was opened in 1876 ( Annual Cyclopaedia 1873 , 355–58; DAH , 3:45).