Explanatory Notes
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Apparatus Notes
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CHAPTER 22
[begin page 147]

CHAPTER 22

It was the end of August, and the skies were cloudless and the weather superb. In two or three weeks I had grown wonderfully fascinated with the curious new country, and concluded to put off my return to “the States” awhile. I had grown well accustomed to wearing a damaged slouch hat, blue woolen shirt, and pants crammed into boot-tops, and gloried in the absence of coat, vest and braces. I felt rowdyish and “bully,” (as the historian Josephus phrases it, in his fine chapter upon the destruction of the Templeexplanatory note). It seemed to me that nothing could be so fine and so romantic. I had become an officer of the government, but that was for mere sublimity. The office was an unique sinecure. I had nothing to do and no salaryexplanatory note. I was private secretaryemendation to his majesty the Secretary and there was not yet writing enough for two of us. So Johnny K——and I devoted our time to amusement. He was the young son of an Ohio nabobexplanatory note and was out there for recreation. He got it. We had heard a world of talk about the marvelousemendation beauty of Lake Tahoe, and finally curiosity drove us thither to see itexplanatory note. Three or four members of the Brigade had been there and located some timber landsexplanatory note on its shores and stored up a quantity of provisions in their camp. We strapped a couple of blankets on our shoulders and took an axe apiece and started—for we intended to take up a wood ranch or so ourselves and become wealthy. We were on foot. The reader will find it advantageous to go horseback. We were told that the distance was eleven miles. We tramped a long time on level ground, and then toiled laboriously up a mountain about a thousand miles high and looked over. No lake there. We descended on the other side, crossed the valley and toiled up another mountain three or four thousand miles high, apparently, and looked over again. No lake yet. We sat down tired and perspiring, and hired a couple of Chinamen to curse those people who had beguiled usexplanatory note. [begin page 148] Thus refreshed, we presently resumed the march with renewed vigor and determination. We plodded on, two or three hours longer, and at last the lakeemendation burst upon us—a noble sheet of blue water lifted six thousand three hundred feet above the level of the sea, and walled in by a rim of snow-clad mountain peaks that towered aloft full three thousand feet higher still! It was a vast oval, and one would have to use up eighty or a hundred good miles in traveling around it. As it lay there with the shadows of the mountains brilliantly photographed upon its still surface I thought it must surely be the fairest picture the whole earth affords.

We found the small skiff belonging to the Brigade boys, and without loss of time set out across a deep bend of the lake toward the landmarksemendation that signified the locality of the camp. I got Johnny to row—not because I mind exertion myself, but because it makes me sick to ride backwards when I am at work. But I steered. A three-mile pull brought us to the camp just as the night fell, and we stepped ashore very tired and wolfishly hungry. In a “cache” among the rocks we found the provisions and the cooking utensils, and then, all fatigued as I was, I sat down on a boulder and superintended while Johnny gathered wood and cooked supper. Many a man who had gone through what I had, would have wanted to rest.

i steered.

It was a delicious supper—hot bread, fried bacon, and black coffee. It was a delicious solitude we were in, too. Three miles away was a saw-mill and some workmen, but there were not fifteen other human beings throughout the wide circumference of the lake. As the darkness closed down and the stars came out and spangled the great mirror with jewels, we smoked meditatively in the solemn hush and forgot our troubles and our pains. In due time we spread our blankets in the warm sand between two large boulders and soon fellemendation asleep, careless of the procession of ants that passed in through rents in our clothing and [begin page 149] explored our persons. Nothing could disturb the sleep that fettered us, for it had been fairly earned, and if our consciences had any sins on them they had to adjourn court for that night, anywayemendation. The wind rose just as we were losing consciousness, and we were lulled to sleep by the beating of the surf upon the shore.

It is always very cold on that lake shore in the night, but we had plenty of blankets and were warm enough. We never moved a muscle all night, but waked at early dawn in the original positions, and got up at once, thoroughly refreshed, free from soreness, and brim full of friskiness. There is no end of wholesome medicine in such an experience. That morning we could have whipped ten such people as we were the day before—sick ones at any rate. But the world is slow, and people will go to “water cures” and “movement cures” and to foreign lands for health. Three months of camp life on Lake Tahoe would restore an Egyptian mummy to his pristine vigor, and give him an appetite like an alligator. I do not mean

the invalid.
the oldest and driest mummies, of course, but the fresher ones. The air up there in the clouds is very pure and fine, bracing and delicious. And why shouldn’t it be?—it is the same the angels breathe. I think that hardly any amount of fatigue can be gathered together that a man cannot sleep off in one night on the sand by its side. Not under a roof, but under the sky; it seldom or never rains there in the summer time. I know a man who went there to die. But he made a failure of it. He was a skeleton when he came, and could barely stand. He had no appetite, and did nothing but read tracts and reflect on the future. Three months later he was sleeping out of doors regularly, eating all he could hold, three times a day, and chasing game over mountains three thousand feet high for recreation. And he was a [begin page 150] skeleton no longer, but weighed part of a ton. This is no fancy sketch, but the truth. His disease was consumption. I confidently commend his experience to other skeletons.

the restored.

I superintended again, and as soon as we had eaten breakfast we got in the boat and skirted along the lake shore about three miles and disembarked. We liked the appearance of the place, and so we claimed some three hundred acres of it and stuck our “notices” on a tree. It was yellow pine timber land—a dense forest of trees a hundred feet high and from one to five feet through at the butt. It was necessary to fence our property or we could not hold it. That is to say, it was necessary to cut down trees here and there and make them fall in such a way as to form a

our house.
sort of enclosure (with pretty wide gaps in it). We cut down three trees apiece, and found it such heart-breaking work that we decided to “rest our case” on those; if they held the property, well and good; if they didn’t, let the property spill out through the gaps and go; it was no use to work ourselves to death merely to save a few acres of land. Next day we came back to build a house—for a house was also necessary, in order to hold the property. We decided to build a substantial log houseemendation and excite the envy of the Brigade boys; but by the time we had cut and trimmed the first log it seemed unnecessary to be so elaborate, and so we concluded to build it of saplings. However, two saplings, duly cut and trimmed, compelled recognition of the fact that [begin page 151] a still modester architecture would satisfy the law, and so we concluded to build a “brush” house. We devoted the next day to this work, but we did so much “sitting around” and discussing, that by the middle of the afternoon we had achieved only a half-way sort of affair which one of us had to watch while the other cut brush, lest if both turned our backs we might not be able to find it again, it had such a strong family resemblance to the surrounding vegetation. But we were satisfied with it.

We were land owners now, duly seized and possessed, and within the protection of the law. Therefore we decided to take up our residence on our own domain and enjoy that large sense of independence which only such an experience can bring. Late the next afternoon, after a good long rest, we sailed away from the Brigade camp with all the provisions and cooking utensils we could carry off—borrow is the more accurate word—and just as the night was falling we beached the boat at our own landing.

Editorial Emendations CHAPTER 22
  secretary (C)  •  Secretary (A) 
  marvelous (C)  •  marvellous (A) 
  lake (C)  •  Lake (A) 
  landmarks (C)  •  land-  |  marks (A) 
  fell (C)  •  feel (A) 
  anyway (C)  •  any way (A) 
  log house (C)  •  log-house (A) 
Explanatory Notes CHAPTER 22
 as the historian Josephus phrases it, in his fine chapter upon the destruction of the Temple] Flavius Josephus (a.d. 37–? 100), historian of the Jews, described the destruction of the temple of Solomon in Jerusalem by the Babylonians in Book 10, chapter 8, of Antiquities of the Jews. Clemens owned The Genuine Works of Josephus (Philadelphia: 1829), which included Antiquities, although it is not known when he acquired it (Gribben, 1:361).
 I had nothing to do and no salary] See the note at 2.14–15.
 Johnny K—— . . . the young son of an Ohio nabob] John D. Kinney (1840–78), whom Clemens described to his mother in September 1861 as a “first-rate fellow,” had worked as a teller in his father’s Cincinnati bank until his trip west ( L1 , 124). He arrived in Carson City during the second week in September 1861, on the same stagecoach as justices Turner and Jones. During his brief stay in Nevada Territory he worked as a realtor and speculated heavily in mining claims. In March 1862 he returned to Cincinnati, and by 1870 had become a partner in his father’s bank ( L1 , 126 n. 2; SLC to Robert and Louise Howland, 6 Mar 70, Gunn).
 the marvelous beauty of Lake Tahoe . . . drove us thither to see it] This lake west of Carson City (see supplement B, map 3) spans the California-Nevada border and is about twenty-two miles long by twelve miles wide. It was officially named Lake Bigler, after John Bigler, California’s third governor (1852–56); the Washo name “Tahoe” (meaning “water” or “lake”) came into use during the Civil War because of Bigler’s unpopular secessionist views, but was not officially adopted until 1945. Clemens’s trip to the lake probably took place on 14–17 [begin page 615] September, shortly after Kinney’s arrival in Carson City, not at the “end of August,” as Mark Twain claims (Hart, 48, 268; L1 , 126 n. 3).
 Three or four members of the Brigade . . . located some timber lands] In a “Memorandum of Agreement and Copartnership” dated 24 August 1861, eleven men laid claim to a “certain parcel of Timber Land” on the northeast shore of Lake Tahoe, in the name of “John Nye & Co” (PH in CU-MARK, courtesy of Michael H. Marleau). In addition to John Nye, the governor’s brother (see the note at 228.2–4), the signers included: John Ives, the governor’s physician, who had accompanied him from New York; Will H. Wagner, presumably the boarder at Mrs. Murphy’s who collected tarantulas (see the note at 145.6–8); and James Neary, another of Mrs. Murphy’s boarders ( L1 , 143 n. 9, 200 n. 2; Kelly 1862, 85).
 We . . . hired a couple of Chinamen to curse those people who had beguiled us] In writing to his mother in September 1861 about this trip, Clemens described Kinney’s indulgence in restorative profanity while slyly affirming his own restraint. Kinney supposedly asked him, “Why don’t you curse the infernal place? You know you want to. I do, and will curse the ——— thieving country as long as I live” ( L1 , 125).