Explanatory Notes
See Headnote
Apparatus Notes
See Headnotes
Chapter IX.
[begin page 58]
exploring the cave.
Click the thumbnail to see the illustrated chapter heading
Chapter IX.emendation

I wanted to go and look at a place rightalteration in the MS about the middle of the island, that I’d found when I was exploring; so we started, and soon got to it, because the island was only three miles long and a quarter of a mile wide.

This place was a tolerable longhistorical collation, steep hill or ridge, about forty foot high. We had a rough time getting to the top, the sides was so steep and the bushes so thick. We tramped and clumb around all over ithistorical collation and by and byhistorical collation found a good big cavern in the rock, most up to the top on the side towards Illinois. The cavern was as big as two or three rooms bunched together, and Jim could stand up straight in it. It was cool in there. Jim was for putting our traps in there, right away, but I said we didn’t want to be climbing up and down there all the time.

Jim said if we had the canoe hid in a good placehistorical collation and had all the traps in the cavernhistorical collation we could rush there if anybody was to come to the island, and they would never find us without dogs. And besides, he said them littlealteration in the MS birdsalteration in the MS had said it was going to rain, and did I want the things to get wet?

So we went back and got the canoe and paddled up abreast the cavernhistorical collation and lugged all the traps up there. Then we hunted up a place close by to hide the canoe in, amongst the thick willows. We took some fish off of the lines and set them again, and begunemendation to get ready for dinner.

[begin page 59] Theemendation door of the cavern was big enough to roll a hogshead in, and on one side of the door the floor stuck out a little bit and was flat and a good place to build a fire on. So we built it there and cooked dinner.

We spread the blankets inside for a carpethistorical collation and eat our dinner in there. We put all the other things handy at the back of the cavern. Pretty soon it darkened up and begun to thunder and lighten; so the birds was right about it. Directly it begunemendation to rain, and it rained like all fury, too,alteration in the MS and Iemendation never seeemendation the wind blow so. It was one of thesealteration in the MS regular summer storms. It would get so dark that it looked all blue-black outside, and lovely; and the rain would thrash along by so thick thatalteration in the MS the trees off a little ways looked dim and spider-webby; and here would come a blast of wind that would bend the trees down and turn up the pale undersideemendation of the leaves; and then a perfect ripper of a gust would follow along and set the branches to tossing their arms as if they was just wild; and next, when it was just about the bluest and blackestemendationfst! it was as bright as glory and you’d have a little glimpse of tree-tops a-plunging about,alteration in the MS away off yonderalteration in the MS in the storm, hundreds of yards further than you could see before; dark as sin again in a second, and nowalteration in the MS you’d hear the thunder let go with an awful crash and then go rumbling, grumbling, tumbling down the sky towards the undersidehistorical collation of the world, like rolling empty barrels [begin page 60] down stairs, where it’s long stairs and they bounce a good deal, you know.

in the cave.

“Jim, this is nice,” Ialteration in the MS saysemendation. “I wouldn’t want to be nowhere else butemendation here. Pass me along another hunkemendation of fish and some hot corn-bread.”

“Well, you wouldn’t a ben here, ’femendation it hadn’t aemendation ben for Jim. You’d a ben down dah in de woods widout any dinner, en gittn’alteration in the MS mos’emendation drownded, too, dat you would, honey. Chickens knows when it’shistorical collation gwyne to rain, enalteration in the MS so do de birds, chile.”alteration in the MS explanatory note

The riveremendation went on raisingalteration in the MS and raising for ten or twelve days,alteration in the MS till at last it was over the banks. The water was three or four footalteration in the MS emendation deep on the island in the low placesemendation and on the Illinois bottom. On that sidealteration in the MS emendation it was a good many miles wide; but on the Missouri side it was the same old distance across—a halfemendation a mile—because the Missouri shore was just a wall of high bluffs.

Daytimesemendation we paddled all over the island in the canoe.alteration in the MS It was mighty cool and shady in the deepalteration in the MS woods even if the sun was blazingalteration in the MS outside. We went windingalteration in the MS in and out amongst the trees; and sometimes the vines hung so thick we had to back away and go some other wayemendation. Well, on every old broken-downemendation treehistorical collation you couldemendation see rabbits, and snakes, and such things; and when the island had been overflowed a day or two,alteration in the MS theyemendation got so tame, on account of being hungry, that you could paddle right up and put your hand on them if you wanted to; but not the snakes and turtlesalteration in the MS—they would slide off inemendation the water. The ridgealteration in the MS emendation our cavern was in, was full of them.alteration in the MS We could aemendation had pets enough if we’dalteration in the MS wanted them.

One night we catched a little section of a lumber raft—nice pine planks. It was twelve footalteration in the MS wide and about fifteen or sixteen foot long, and the top stood above water six or seven inches, a solid level floor. We could see saw-logs go by in the daylight, sometimes, but we let them go; we didn’t show ourselves in daylight.

Another night, when we was up at the head of the island, just before daylight,alteration in the MS here comes a frameemendation house down, on the westalteration in the MS side. She was a two-storyemendation, and tilted over, considerablealteration in the MS. We paddled out and got aboard—clumb in at an up-stairs windowalteration in the MS. But it was too dark to see,historical collation yet, so we made the canoe fast and set in her to wait for daylightemendation.

jim sees a dead man.

The light begun to come before we got to the foot of the island. [begin page 61] Then we lookedemendation in at the window. We could make out a bed, and a table, and two old chairs, and lots of things around about on the floor; and there was clothes hanging against the wall. There was something laying on the floor in the far corner that looked like a man. So Ialteration in the MS historical collation textual note says:

“Hello, you!alteration in the MS

But it didn’t budge. So Ialteration in the MS hollered again, and then Jimalteration in the MS says:

“De man ain’t asleep—he’salteration in the MS dead. You hold still—I’ll go enalteration in the MS see.”

He went and bent down andalteration in the MS looked, and says:

It’salteration in the MS emendation a dead man. Yesemendation, indeedy;alteration in the MS naked, too. He’semendation ben shot in de back. I reck’nemendation he’s ben dead two eremendation three days. Come in, Huck, but doan’emendation look at his facealteration in the MS—it’s too gashlyemendation.”

I didn’t look at him at all. Jim throwed some old rags over him, but he needn’t done it;alteration in the MS Iemendation didn’t want to see him. There was heaps of old greasy cards scattered around over the floor, and old whisky bottles, and a couple of masks,historical collation made outemendation of black cloth;alteration in the MS and all over the walls was the ignorantestalteration in the MS emendation kind of words and pictures, made with charcoal. There was two old dirty calico dresseshistorical collation and a sun bonnethistorical collation and some women’s under-clotheshistorical collation hanging against the wall, and some men’s clothingemendation, too. We put the lot into the canoe; it mightemendation [begin page 62] come good. There was a boy’s old speckled straw hat on the floor; I took that,historical collation too. And there was a bottle that had had milk in it; and it had a rag stopperemendation for a baby to suck. We would a tookemendation the bottle, butemendation it was broke. There was a seedy old chesthistorical collation and an old hair trunk with the hinges broke. They stood open, but there warn’temendation nothing left in them that was any account. The way things was scattered about, we reckoned the people left in a hurry and warn’t fixed so as to carry off most of their stuff.

We got an old tin lantern, and a butcher knife without any handle, and a bran-new Barlow knife worth two bits in any store,emendation and a lot of tallow candles, and a tin candlestick, andalteration in the MS a gourd, and a tin cup, and a ratty old bed quilthistorical collation offemendation the bed, and a reticule with needles and pins and beeswax and buttons and thread and all such truckemendation in it, and a hatchet and some nails, and a fish-line as thickalteration in the MS as my little finger, with some monstrous hooks on it, and a roll of buckskin,alteration in the MS and a leather dog-collar, and a horseshoehistorical collation, and some vials of medicine that didn’t have no label on them; and just as we was leaving I found a tolerable good curry-combemendation and Jim he found a ratty old fiddle-bowhistorical collation and a wooden leg. The straps was broke off ofemendation it, but barring that, it was aalteration in the MS good enough leg,alteration in the MS though it was too long for me and not long enough for Jim, and we couldn’t find the other one, though we hunted all aroundemendation explanatory note.

And so, takeemendation it all around, we made a goodalteration in the MS haul. Whenalteration in the MS we was ready to shove offhistorical collation we was a quarter of a mile below the islandhistorical collation and it was pretty broad day; so I made Jim lay down in the canoe and cover up with the quilt, becausealteration in the MS if he set up,emendation people could tell he was a nigger a good ways off. I paddled over to the Illinois shore, and drifted down most a half a mile doing it. I crept up the dead water under the bankhistorical collation and hadn’t no accidents and didn’t see nobodyemendation. We got home all safe.

Historical Collation Chapter IX.
  long, (MS1a)  ●  long  (A) 
  it (MS1a)  ●  it, (A) 
  by and by (MS1a)  ●  by-and-by (A) 
  place (MS1a)  ●  place, (A) 
  cavern (MS1a)  ●  cavern, (A) 
  cavern (MS1a)  ●  cavern, (A) 
  carpet (MS1a)  ●  carpet, (A) 
  underside (MS1a)  ●  under side (A) 
  it’s (MS1a)  ●  its (A) 
  tree (MS1a)  ●  tree, (A) 
  see, (MS1a)  ●  see  (A) 
  I (MS1a)  ●  Jim (A) 
  masks, (MS1a)  ●  masks  (A) 
  dresses (MS1a)  ●  dresses, (A) 
  sun bonnet (MS1a)  ●  sun-bonnet, (A) 
  under-clothes (MS1a)  ●  under-clothes, (A) 
  that, (MS1a)  ●  that  (A) 
  chest (MS1a)  ●  chest, (A) 
  bed quilt (MS1a)  ●  bed-quilt (A) 
  horseshoe (MS1a)  ●  horse-shoe (A) 
  fiddle-bow (MS1a)  ●  fiddle-bow, (A) 
  off (MS1a)  ●  off, (A) 
  island (MS1a)  ●  island, (A) 
  bank (MS1a)  ●  bank, (A) 
Editorial Emendations Chapter IX.
  Chapter IX. (A)  ●  not in; extra line space (MS1a) 
  begun (A)  ●  began (MS1a) 
  [¶] The (A)  ●  no The (MS1a) 
  begun (A)  ●  began (MS1a) 
  I (A)  ●  you (MS1a) 
  see (A)  ●  saw (MS1a) 
  underside (A)  ●  under- | side (MS1a) 
  blackest— (A)  ●  blackest, (MS1a) 
  says. (A)  ●  says; (MS1a) 
  but (A)  ●  than (MS1a) 
  hunk (A)  ●  piece (MS1a) 
  ’f (A)  ●  if (MS1a) 
  hadn’t a (A)  ●  hadn’t (MS1a) 
  en gittn’ mos’ (A)  ●  and gittin’ most (MS1a) 
  chile.” [¶] The river (A)  ●  child.” [¶] “I been . . . agin.” extra line space [¶] The river see Appendix C, pp. 534–38, for full text of rejected passage  (MS1a) 
  foot (A)  ●  feet/foot  (MS1a) 
  in . . . places (A)  ●  not in  (MS1a) 
  that side (A)  ●  that side (the east side) (MS1a) 
  a half (A)  ●  half (MS1a) 
  bluffs. [¶] Daytimes (A)  ●  bluffs.— |  [¶] Daytimes (MS1a) 
  way (A)  ●  course (MS1a) 
  broken-down (A)  ●  broke-down (MS1a) 
  could (A)  ●  would (MS1a) 
  they (A)  ●  the wild creatures (MS1a) 
  in (A)  ●  into (MS1a) 
  ridge (A)  ●  high ridge (MS1a) 
  a (A)  ●  have (MS1a) 
  frame (A)  ●  small frame (MS1a) 
  two-story (A)  ●  two-story-and-a half (MS1a) 
  daylight (A)  ●  daylight; and besides there was a smell in there that warn’t agreeable (MS1a) 
  looked (A)  ●  begun to look (MS1a) 
  It’s (A)  ●  My! it’s (MS1a) 
  man. Yes (A)  ●  man, yes (MS1a) 
  too. He’s (A)  ●  too.— |  He’s (MS1a) 
  reck’n (A)  ●  reckon (MS1a) 
  er (A)  ●  or (MS1a) 
  doan’ (A)  ●  don’t you (MS1a) 
  gashly (A)  ●  dreadful (MS1a) 
  I (A)  ●  I  (MS1a) 
  out (A)  ●  not in  (MS1a) 
  ignorantest (A)  ●  vulgarest/ignorantest  (MS1a) 
  clothing (A)  ●  clothes (MS1a) 
  might (A)  ●  might all (MS1a) 
  stopper (A)  ●  stopper that they call a “sugar teat,” (MS1a) 
  a took (A)  ●  have took (MS1a) 
  but (A)  ●  but we found (MS1a) 
  but there warn’t (A)  ●  and (MS1a) 
  and a bran-new . . . store, (A)  ●  not in  (MS1a) 
  off (A)  ●  off of (MS1a) 
  and all such truck (A)  ●  not in  (MS1a) 
  curry-comb (C)  ●  curry- | comb (MS1a)  curry-comb, (A) 
  off of (A)  ●  off (MS1a) 
  leg, though . . . around (A)  ●  leg (MS1a) 
  And so, take (A)  ●  Take (MS1a) 
  up, (A)  ●  up  (MS1a) 
  nobody (A)  ●  anybody (MS1a) 
Alterations in the Manuscript Chapter IX.
 right] followed by canceled ‘in’.
 little] originally ‘littlee’; the second ‘e’ wiped out.
 birds] interlined.
 too,] the comma mended from a period.
 these] originally ‘them’; ‘m’ mended to ‘se’.
 that] interlined.
 a-plunging about,] interlined.
 yonder] followed by canceled ‘here’.
 now] interlined above canceled ‘then’.
 nice,” I] interlined above canceled ‘bully,” I’.
 gittn’] the MS reads ‘gittin’’ (emended); originally ‘getting’; ‘e’ mended to ‘i’; the apostrophe added above canceled ‘g’.
 en] interlined in pencil without a caret above canceled ‘an’’.
 chile.”] the MS reads ‘child.” ’ (emended); originally followed by 15½MS pages (MS 198.16–214.4) that were revised in the MS and then deleted at a later stage. The text of these pages can be found in Three Passages from the Manuscript on pages 534–38 of this volume. The following entries from 534.7 to 538.13 record revisions Mark Twain made on these pages.
 on raising] ‘raising’ originally ‘a-raising’; ‘a-’ canceled.
 and raising . . . days,] interlined; ‘raising’ originally ‘a-raising’; ‘a-’ canceled.
 foot] alternate reading: interlined in pencil without a caret above uncanceled ‘feet’ (emended).
 that side] the MS reads ‘that side (the east side)’ (emended); ‘(the east side)’ interlined.
 canoe.] the period written over a comma.
 the deep] ‘the’ originally ‘them’; ‘m’ canceled.
 blazing] originally ‘a-blazing’; ‘a-’ canceled.
 winding] originally ‘a-winding’; ‘a-’ canceled.
 two,] followed by canceled ‘su’.
 and turtles] interlined; follows a possible canceled comma.
 ridge] the MS reads ‘high ridge’ (emended); ‘high’ written over wiped-out ‘ri’.
 them.] originally ‘them, and we had’; ‘and we had’ canceled and the period written over a wiped-out comma.
 we’d] originally ‘we had’; ‘ ’d’ interlined in pencil above canceled ‘had’.
 twelve foot] ‘foot’ originally ‘feet’; ‘oo’ written over ‘ee’.
 just before daylight,] interlined above canceled ‘very late,’.
 west] written over what may be wiped-out ‘ri’.
 considerable] originally ‘considable’; ‘er’ interlined.
 window] followed by interlined and canceled ‘on the tilted side.’
 I] interlined in pencil without a caret above canceled ‘Jim’.
 you!] originally ‘you dah!’; ‘dah’ canceled; an exclamation point added following ‘you’ and the original exclamation point inadvertently left standing; all revisions in pencil.
 I] interlined in pencil without a caret above canceled ‘Jim’.
 Jim] interlined in pencil.
 —he’s] written over wiped-out ‘—if it’.
 en] interlined in pencil without a caret above canceled ‘an’’, which was written over ‘and’ in ink.
 bent down and] interlined.
 “It’s] the MS reads ‘ “My! it’s’ (emended); ‘ “My’ written over wiped-out ‘ “M’.
 Yes, indeedy;] the MS reads ‘yes, indeedy;’ (emended); interlined above canceled ‘sho’ ’nuff;’.
 face] followed by canceled ‘; don’t’.
 Jim . . . it;] interlined.
 bottles, and . . . cloth;] the MS reads ‘bottles, and . . . made of black cloth;’ (emended); originally ‘bottles;’; the comma added after ‘bottles’ and ‘and . . . cloth;’ interlined; the original semicolon after ‘bottles’ inadvertently left standing; ‘made’ originally ‘make’; ‘d’ written over ‘k’.
 ignorantest] alternate reading: interlined in pencil without a caret above uncanceled ‘vulgarest’ (emended).
 a tin candlestick, and] interlined.
 thick] follows canceled ‘big’.
 and . . . buckskin,] interlined.
 a] originally ‘as’; ‘s’ canceled in pencil.
 enough leg,] the MS reads ‘enough leg.’ (emended); added in pencil following canceled ‘as new.’
 good] follows canceled ‘mighty’.
 When] follows canceled ‘We was rich.’
 because] written over wiped-out ‘and I’; follows a canceled opening parenthesis.
Textual Notes Chapter IX.
 I] As in the manuscript. Mark Twain originally wrote: “So Jim says:  |  ‘Hello, you dah!’  |  But it didn’t budge. So Jim hollered again, and then says: ‘De man ain’t asleep—he’s dead . . . .’ ” He altered the passage in pencil to read: “So I says:  |  ‘Hello, you!’  |  But it didn’t budge. So I hollered again, and then Jim says:  |  ‘De man ain’t asleep—he’s dead. . . .’ ” In the first edition, the first “I” appears once again as “Jim”, almost certainly a transcription error on the part of the typist, who must have overlooked the light pencil mark canceling it. Mark Twain clearly intended in both his original inscription and the passage as revised to have the same character speak and then holler “again”.
Explanatory Notes Chapter IX.
 “Well, . . . so do de birds, chile.”] In the manuscript for this portion of the book, discovered in 1990, this paragraph is followed by a passage of some fifteen and one-half pages, which contains a “ghost” story told by Jim. Mark Twain wrote the passage in 1876 but deleted it in 1884, after it had been typed but before the book was submitted in typescript to the typesetter. For the text of this passage and background information, see Three Passages from the Manuscript (pp. 531–38).
 We got an old tin lantern . . . hunted all around] T. S. Eliot admired the “consistency and perfect adaptation of the writing” in Huckleberry Finn, citing this paragraph as exemplary, partly because “in the details he remembers . . . Huck is true to himself.” The paragraph “provides the right counterpoise to the horror of the wrecked house and the corpse; it has a grim precision which tells the reader all he needs to know about the way of life of the human derelicts who had used the house; and (especially the wooden leg, and the fruitless search for its mate) reminds us at the right moment of the kinship of mind and the sympathy between the boy outcast from society and the negro fugitive from the injustice of society” (Eliot 1950, x, xi). Mark Twain had a weakness for “wooden leg” jokes: see, for instance, “Petrified Man,” “Whereas,” and “Cannibalism in the Cars” (SLC 1862; SLC 1864; SLC 1868).