Explanatory Notes
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Apparatus Notes
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Chapter XLII.
[begin page 351]
tom sawyer wounded.
Click the thumbnail to see the illustrated chapter heading
Chapter XLII.emendation

Theemendation old man was up town again, before breakfast, but couldn’t get no track of Tom; and both of them set at the table, thinking, and not saying nothing, and looking mournful, and their coffeealteration in the MS getting cold, and not eating anything. And by and byhistorical collation the old man says:

“Did I give you the letter?”

“What letter?”

“The one I got yesterday,alteration in the MS historical collation out of the postofficehistorical collation.”

“No, you didn’t give me no letter.”

“Well, I must a forgot it.”

So he rummaged his pockets, and then went off somewheres wherealteration in the MS he had laidalteration in the MS it down, and fetched it, and give it to her. She says:

“Why, it’s from St.emendation Petersburg—it’s from Sis.”alteration in the MS

I allowed another walk would do me good; but I couldn’t stir. But before she could break it open, she dropped it and run—for she see something. And so did I. It was Tom Sawyer on a mattrasshistorical collation; and that old doctor; and Jim, in her emendation calico dress, with his hands tied behind him;alteration in the MS and a lot of people. I hid the letter behind the first thing that come handy, and rushed. She flung herself atalteration in the MS Tom, cryingalteration in the MS, and says:

Ohistorical collation, he’s dead, he’s dead, Ialteration in the MS know he’s dead!”

And Tom he turned his head a little, and muttered something or other, which showed he warn’t in his right mind; then she flung up her hands, and says:

“He’s alive, thank God! And that’s enough!” and she snatched a [begin page 352] kiss of him, and flew for the house,historical collation to get the bed ready, and scatteringalteration in the MS orders right and leftalteration in the MS at the niggers and everybody else, as fast as her tongue could go, every jump of the way.

I followed the men to see what they was going to do with Jim; and the old doctor and unclehistorical collation Silas followed after Tom into the house. The men was veryalteration in the MS huffy, and some of them wanted to hang Jim, for an examplealteration in the MS to all the other niggers around there, so they wouldn’t be trying to run away, like Jim done, and making such a raft of trouble, and keeping a whole family scared most to death for days and nights. But the others said, don’t do it, it wouldn’t answer at all, he ain’t our nigger, and his owneralteration in the MS would turn up and make us pay for him, sure. So that cooledalteration in the MS them down a little, because the people that’s always the most anxious for to hang a nigger that hain’t done just right, is always the very ones that ain’t the most anxious to pay for him when they’ve got their satisfaction out of him.

They cussed Jim considerbleemendation, though, and give him a cuff or two, side the head, once in a while, but Jim never said nothing, and he never let on to know me, and they took him to the same cabin, and put his own clothes on him, and chained him again, and not to no bed-leg, this time, but to a big staple drove into the bottom log, and chained his hands, too, and both legs, and said he warn’t to have nothing but bread and water to eat, after this, till his owner come or he wasalteration in the MS sold at auctionhistorical collation because he didn’t come in a certain length of time, and filled up our hole, and saidalteration in the MS a couple of farmers with guns mustalteration in the MS stand watch around about the cabinalteration in the MS every night, and a bulldoghistorical collation tied to the door in the daytime,historical collation and about this time they was through with the jobalteration in the MS and was tapering off with aalteration in the MS kind of generlalteration in the MS emendation goodbyehistorical collation cussing, and then the old doctor comes,historical collation and takes a look, and says:

the doctor speaks for jim.

“Don’t be no rougher on him than you’re obleeged to, because he ain’t a bad niggerexplanatory note. When I got to where I found the boy, I see I couldn’t cut the bullet out without some help, and he warn’t in no condition for mealteration in the MS to leave, to go and get help; andalteration in the MS he got a little worse and a little worse, and after a long time he went out of his head, and wouldn’t let me come anigh him, any more,alteration in the MS and said if I chalked his raft he’d kill me, and no end of wild foolishness like that, and I see I couldn’t do anything at all with him; so Ialteration in the MS says, I gotalteration in the MS to have help, somehow; and the minute I says it, out crawls this nigger from [begin page 353] somewheres, and says he’ll help;historical collation and he done it, too, and done it very well.alteration in the MS Of course I judged he must be a runaway nigger, and there I was! and there I had to stick, right straight along,historical collation all the rest of the day, and all night.alteration in the MS It was a fix, I tell you! I had a couple of patients with the chills, and of course I’d of liked to run up to town and see them, but I dasn’t, because the nigger might get away, and then I’d be to blame; and yet never a skiff come close enough for me to hail.alteration in the MS So there I had to stick, plumb till daylight this morning; and I never see a nigger that was a better nuss or faithfuller,alteration in the MS and yet he was resking his freedom to do it, and wasalteration in the MS all tired out, too, and I see plain enough he’demendation been worked main hard, lately. I liked the nigger for that; I tell you, gentlemen, a nigger like that is worth a thousand dollars—and kind treatment, too. I had everything I needed,alteration in the MS and the boy was doing as well there as he would a done at home—better, maybe, because it was so quiet; but there I was, with both of ’m on my hands; and there I had to stick, till about dawn this morning; then some men in a skiff comealteration in the MS by, and as goodalteration in the MS luck would have it, the nigger was setting by thealteration in the MS pallet with his head proppedalteration in the MS on his [begin page 354] knees, sound asleep; so I motioned them in, quiet, and they slipped up on him and grabbed him and tied him before he knowed what he was about, and we never had no trouble. And the boy being in a kind of a flighty sleep, too, we muffled the oars and hitched the raft on, and towed her over very nice and quiet, and the nigger never made the least row nor said a word, from the start. He ain’t no bad nigger, gentlemen; that’s what I think about him.”emendation

Somebody says:

“Well, it sounds very good, doctor, I’m obleeged to say.”

Then the others softened up a little, too, and I was mighty thankful to that oldalteration in the MS doctor for doing Jim that good turn; and I was glad it was according to my judgementhistorical collation of him, too; because I thought he had a good heart inalteration in the MS him and was a good man, the first time I see him. Thenalteration in the MS they all agreed that Jim had acted very well, and was deserving to have some notice tookalteration in the MS of it, and reward. So every one of them promised, right out and hearty, that they wouldn’t cuss him no more.

Thenalteration in the MS they come out and locked him up. I hoped they was going to say he could have one or two of the chains took off, because they was rotten heavy, or could have meat and greens with his bread and water, but they didn’t think of it, and I reckoned it warn’t best for me to mix in, but I judged I’d get the doctor’s yarn to aunthistorical collation Sally, somehow or other, as soon as I’d got through the breakers that was laying just ahead of me. Explanations, I mean,alteration in the MS of how I forgot to mention about ‘Sid’historical collation alteration in the MS being shot, when I was telling how him and me put in that dratted night paddling around hunting the runaway nigger.

Butemendation I had plenty time. Aunt Sally she stuck to the sick roomhistorical collation all day and all night; and every time I see unclehistorical collation Silas mooning around, I dodged him.

Next morning I heard Tom was a good deal better, and they said aunthistorical collation Sally was gone to getalteration in the MS a nap. So I slips to the sick roomhistorical collation and if I found him awake I reckoned we could put up a yarn for the family that would wash. But he was sleeping, and sleeping very peaceful, too; and pale, not fire-faced the way he was when he come. So I set down and laid for him to wake.emendation In about a half an hour, aunthistorical collation Sally comes gliding in, and there I was, upalteration in the MS a stump again! She motioned me to be still, and set down by me, and begun to whisper, and said [begin page 355] we could all be joyful,historical collation now, because all the symptoms was first rate, and he’dalteration in the MS been sleeping like that for everalteration in the MS so long, and looking better and peacefuller all the time, and ten to one he’d wake up in his right mind.

So we set there watching, and by and by,historical collation he stirs a bit, and openshistorical collation his eyes very natural, and takes a look, and says:

“Hello, why I’m at home! How’s that? Where’s the raft?”

It’semendation all right,” I says.

“And Jim?

“The same,” I says, but couldn’t say itemendation pretty brash. But he never noticed, but says:

Goodemendation! Splendid! Now we’re all right and safe! Did you tell auntyhistorical collation?”

I was goingemendation to say yes; but she chipped in and says:

“About what, Sid?”

“Why, about the way the whole thing was done.”

“What whole thing?”

“Why, the whole thing—therehistorical collation ain’t but one:alteration in the MS historical collation how we set the runaway nigger free—alteration in the MSme and Tom.”

“Good land! Set the run—alteration in the MSWhatemendation is the child talkingalteration in the MS emendation about! Dear, dear, out of his head again!”

No historical collation I ain’t out ofemendation my head,emendation I know all what I’m talking about. We did set him free—me and Tom. We laid out to do ithistorical collation and we done it. And we done it elegant, too.” He’dalteration in the MS got a start, and she never checked him up, just set and stared and stared,alteration in the MS and let him clip along, and I see it warn’t no use for me to put in. “Why, auntyhistorical collation, it cost us a power of work—weeks of it—hours and hours, every night, whilst you was all asleep. And we had to steal candles, and thealteration in the MS sheethistorical collation and thealteration in the MS shirt, and your dress, and spoons,alteration in the MS and tin plates, and casekniveshistorical collation, and the warming panhistorical collation, and the grindstone, and flour,alteration in the MS and just no end of things, and you can’t think what work it was,historical collation to make the saws, and pens, and inscriptions, and one thing or another, and you can’t think half the fun it was. And we had to make up the pictures of coffins and things, and nonnamous letters from the robbers, and get up and down the lightning rodhistorical collation, and dig the hole into the cabin, and make the rope-ladder and send it in,historical collation cooked up in a pie, and send in spoons and things to work with, in your apronalteration in the MS pocket”—alteration in the MS historical collation

“Mercyalteration in the MS sakes!”

[begin page 356] —“andhistorical collation load up the cabin with rats and snakes and so-onhistorical collation, for company for Jim; and thenalteration in the MS you kept Tom here so long with the butter in his hat that you come nearalteration in the MS emendation spilingalteration in the MS the whole business, because the men come before we was out of the cabin, and we had to rush, and they heard us and letalteration in the MS drive at us, and I got my share, and we dodged out of the path and let them go by, and when the dogs come they warn’talteration in the MS interested in us, but went for the most noise, and we got our canoe, and made for the raft, and was all safe, and Jim was a free man, and we done it all by ourselves, and wasn’t it bully, auntyhistorical collation!”

“Well, I never heard the likes of it in all my born days! So it was you, you little rapscallions, that’s been making all this trouble, and turned everybody’s wits cleanalteration in the MS inside out and scared us all most to death. I’ve as good a notion as everalteration in the MS I had in my life, to take italteration in the MS out o’ youalteration in the MS this very minute. To think,alteration in the MS here I’ve been, night after night, a— you emendation justemendation get well,historical collation once, you young scamp, andalteration in the MS I lay I’ll tan the Old Harry out o’ bothalteration in the MS o’ ye!”

But Tom, he was so proud and joyful, he just couldn’t hold in, and his tongue just went it—she a-chipping in, and spitting fire all along, and both of them going it at once, like a cat-convention; and she says:alteration in the MS

Well emendation, you get all the enjoyment you can out of it now, for mind I tell you if I catch you meddlingemendation with him againalteration in the MShistorical collation

“Meddling with who?” Tom says, dropping his smile and lookingalteration in the MS surprised.

“With who? Why, the runaway nigger, of course. Who’d you reckon?”alteration in the MS

Tomalteration in the MS looks at me very grave, and says:

“Tom, didn’t you justalteration in the MS tell me he wasalteration in the MS all right?alteration in the MS Hasn’t he got away?”

Him?” says aunthistorical collation Sally; “the runaway nigger? ’Deed he hasn’t. They’ve got him back, safe and sound, and he’s in that cabin again, on bread and water, and loaded down with chains, till he’s claimed or sold!”

Tom rose square up in bed, with his eye hot, and his nostrils opening and shutting like gills, and sings outalteration in the MS to me:

“They hain’t no right to shut him up! Shove!—and don’t you lose a minute. Turn him loose! he ain’t no slave,historical collation he’s as free as any cretur that walks this earth!”

[begin page 357] “What does the child mean!historical collation

“I mean every word I say emendation, aunthistorical collation Sally, and if somebody don’t go, I’ll go. I’ve knowed himalteration in the MS all his life, and so has Tom, there. Old Miss Watson died two months ago, and she was ashamedalteration in the MS she ever was going to sell him down the river, and said so;alteration in the MS and she set him free in her will.”

tom rose square up in bed.

Then what on earth did you want to set him free for, seeingemendation he was already free?explanatory note

Wellhistorical collation that is a question,emendation I must sayalteration in the MS; and just like women! Why, I wanted the adventure of it; and I’d a waded neck-deepemendation in blood to—goodness alive, aunt Polly emendation!”

If she warn’t standing right there, just inside the door, looking as sweet and contentedalteration in the MS as an angel half-fullalteration in the MS emendation of pie, I wish I may never!

Aunt Sally jumped for her, and mostemendation hugged the head off of her, and cried over her, and I found a good enough place for me under the bed, for it was getting pretty sultryemendation for us, seemed to me.alteration in the MS And I peeped out, and in a little while Tom’s aunthistorical collation Polly shook herselfalteration in the MS loose and stood there looking across at Tom over her spectacles—kind of grinding him into the earth, you know. And then she says:

“Yes, you better alteration in the MS turn y’ralteration in the MS heademendation away—I would if I was you, Tom.”

“Oh, deary me!” says aunthistorical collation Sally,historical collationis he changed so? Why, that [begin page 358] ain’t Tom, historical collation it’s Sid; Tom’s—Tom’s—why,alteration in the MS where isalteration in the MS Tom? He was here a minute ago.”

“You mean where’s Huck Finn—that’s what you mean! I reckon I hain’t raised such a scamp as my Tom all these years, not to know him when I see him. That would be a prettyalteration in the MS howdy-do. Come out from under that bed, Huck Finn.emendation

So I done it. But not feeling brash.

Aunt Sally she was one of the mixed-upest looking persons I ever see; except one, and that was unclehistorical collation Silas, when heemendation come in, and they toldalteration in the MS it all to him. It kind of made him drunk, as you may say, and he didn’t know nothing at all the rest of the day, and preached a prayer meetinghistorical collation sermon that night that give him a rattling ruputation, because the oldest man in the world couldn’t a understood it. So Tom’s aunthistorical collation Pollyhistorical collation she told all about who I was, and what; andalteration in the MS I had to up and tell how I was in such a tight place that when Mrs. Phelps took me for Tom Sawyer—shealteration in the MS chippedalteration in the MS in and says, “Ohistorical collation, go on and call me aunthistorical collation Sally, I’m used to it, now, and ’t ain’thistorical collation no need to change”—that when aunthistorical collation Sally took me for Tom Sawyer, I had to stand it—there warn’t no other way, and I knowed healteration in the MS wouldn’talteration in the MS mind, because it wouldalteration in the MS be nuts for him, being a mystery, and he’d make an adventure out of it and be perfectly satisfied. And so it turned out, and healteration in the MS let on to be Sid, and made things as softalteration in the MS as he could for me.

And his aunthistorical collation Polly she said Tom was right about old Miss Watson setting Jim free in her will; and so, sure enough, Tom Sawyeralteration in the MS had gone and took all that trouble and bother to set a free nigger free!alteration in the MS and I couldn’t ever understand, before, until that minute and that talk, howalteration in the MS he could help a bodyalteration in the MS set a nigger free, with hisalteration in the MS bringing-upalteration in the MS.

Well, aunt Pollyhistorical collation shehistorical collation said that when aunt Sallyhistorical collation wrote to her that Tom and Sid had come, all right and safe, she says to herselfemendation:

“Look at that, now! I might haveemendation expected it, letting him go off that way without anybody to watch him. So now I got to go and trapse all the way down the riverhistorical collation eleven hundred mileexplanatory note,alteration in the MS and find out what that cretur’shistorical collation up to, this time; as long asemendation I couldn’t seem to get any answer out ofalteration in the MS you historical collation textual note alteration in the MS about it.”

“Why, I never heard nothing from you,” says aunthistorical collation Sally.

“Well, I wonder! Why, I wrote to you twice, to ask you what you could mean by Sid being here.”

[begin page 359] “Well, Ialteration in the MS never got ’em,alteration in the MS emendation Sis.”

Aunt Pollyhistorical collation she turns around slow and severe, and says:

“You, Tom!”

“Well— what? alteration in the MS” he says, kind of pettish.alteration in the MS

hand out them letters.

“Don’t you what me, you impudent thing—hand out them letters.”

“What letters?alteration in the MS

Them letters. I be bound, if I have to take aholt of you I’ll—historical collation

“They’re in the trunk. There, now. And they’re just the same as they was when I got them out of the office. I hain’t looked into them, I hain’t touched them. But I knowed they’d make trouble, and I thought if you warn’t in no hurry, I’d—historical collation

“Well, you do need skinning, there ain’t no mistake about it. And I wrote another one to tell you I was coming; and I spose he—historical collation

“No, it come yesterday; I hain’talteration in the MS read it yet, but it’s all right, I’ve got thatalteration in the MS one.”

I wanted to offer to betalteration in the MS two dollarsalteration in the MS she hadn’t, but I reckoned maybe it was just as safe to not to. So I never said nothing.

Historical Collation Chapter XLII.
  by and by (MS2)  ●  by-and-by (A) 
  yesterday, (MS2)  ●  yesterday  (A) 
  postoffice (MS2)  ●  post-office (A) 
  mattrass (MS2)  ●  mattress (A) 
  O (MS2)  ●  Oh (A) 
  house, (MS2)  ●  house  (A) 
  uncle (MS2)  ●  Uncle (A) 
  auction (MS2)  ●  auction, (A) 
  bulldog (MS2)  ●  bull-dog (A) 
  daytime, (MS2)  ●  day-time; (A) 
  goodbye (MS2)  ●  good-bye (A) 
  comes, (MS2)  ●  comes  (A) 
  help; (MS2)  ●  help, (A) 
  along, (MS2)  ●  along  (A) 
  judgement (MS2)  ●  judgment (A) 
  aunt (MS2)  ●  Aunt (A) 
  ‘Sid’ (MS2)  ●  Sid  (A) 
  sick room (MS2)  ●  sick-room (A) 
  uncle (MS2)  ●  Uncle (A) 
  aunt (MS2)  ●  Aunt (A) 
  sick room (MS2)  ●  sick-room, (A) 
  aunt (MS2)  ●  Aunt (A) 
  joyful, (MS2)  ●  joyful  (A) 
  by and by, (MS2)  ●  by-and-by (A) 
  opens (MS2)  ●  opened (A) 
  aunty (MS2)  ●  Aunty (A) 
  thing—there (MS2)  ●  thing. There (A) 
  one: (MS2)  ●  one; (A) 
  No  (MS2)  ●  No, (A) 
  do it (MS2)  ●  do it, (A) 
  aunty (MS2)  ●  Aunty (A) 
  sheet (MS2)  ●  sheet, (A) 
  caseknives (MS2)  ●  case-knives (A) 
  warming pan (MS2)  ●  warming-pan (A) 
  was, (MS2)  ●  was  (A) 
  lightning rod (MS2)  ●  lightning-rod (A) 
  in, (MS2)  ●  in  (A) 
  pocket”— (MS2)  ●  pocket”—— (A) 
  —“and (MS2)  ●  ——“and (A) 
  so-on (MS2)  ●  so on (A) 
  aunty (MS2)  ●  Aunty (A) 
  well, (MS2)  ●  well  (A) 
  again— (MS2)  ●  again—— (A) 
  aunt (MS2)  ●  Aunt (A) 
  slave, (MS2)  ●  slave; (A) 
  mean! (MS2)  ●  mean? (A) 
  aunt (MS2)  ●  Aunt (A) 
  Well (MS2)  ●  Well, (A) 
  aunt (MS2)  ●  Aunt (A) 
  aunt (MS2)  ●  Aunt (A) 
  Sally, (MS2)  ●  Sally; (A) 
  Tom, (MS2)  ●  Tom  (A) 
  uncle (MS2)  ●  Uncle (A) 
  prayer meeting (MS2)  ●  prayer-meeting (A) 
  aunt (MS2)  ●  Aunt (A) 
  Polly (MS2)  ●  Polly, (A) 
  O (MS2)  ●  Oh (A) 
  aunt (MS2)  ●  Aunt (A) 
  ’t ain’t (MS2)  ●  ’tain’t (A) 
  aunt (MS2)  ●  Aunt (A) 
  aunt (MS2)  ●  Aunt (A) 
  aunt Polly (MS2)  ●  Aunt Polly (A) 
  she (A)  ●  not in  (MS2) 
  aunt Sally (MS2)  ●  Aunt Sally (A) 
  river (MS2)  ●  river, (A) 
  cretur’s (MS2)  ●  creetur’s (A) 
  you  (MS2)  ●  you (A) 
  aunt (MS2)  ●  Aunt (A) 
  Polly (MS2)  ●  Polly, (A) 
  I’ll— (MS2)  ●  I’ll—— (A) 
  I’d— (MS2)  ●  I’d—— (A) 
  he— (MS2)  ●  he—— (A) 
Editorial Emendations Chapter XLII.
  Chapter XLII. (A)  ●  not in (MS2) 
  The (A)  ●  And the (MS2) 
  St. (A)  ●  St  (MS2) 
  her  (A)  ●  her (MS2) 
  considerble (A)  ●  considerable (MS2) 
  generl (A)  ●  a general (MS2) 
  he’d (A)  ●  he had (MS2) 
  him.” (A)  ●  him.’ page trimmed  (MS2) 
  nigger. [¶] But (A)  ●  nigger.  ||  extra line space [¶] But (MS2) 
  wake. (A)  ●  wake page trimmed  (MS2) 
  It’s (A)  ●  It’s  (MS2) 
  couldn’t say it (A)  ●  not (MS2) 
  Good (A)  ●  Good  (MS2) 
  going (A)  ●  agoing (MS2) 
  run—What (A)  ●  run— | what (MS2) 
  talking (A)  ●  talkin’ (MS2) 
  of (A)  ●  o’ (MS2) 
  head, (C)  ●  head, (MS2)  head;  (A) 
  near (A)  ●  very near (MS2) 
  you  (A)  ●  you (MS2) 
  just (A)  ●  jest (MS2) 
  Well  (A)  ●  Well (MS2) 
  meddling (A)  ●  meddlin’ (MS2) 
  say  (A)  ●  say (MS2) 
  seeing (A)  ●  seein’ (MS2) 
  question, (A)  ●  question  (MS2) 
  neck-deep (A)  ●  neck- | deep (MS2) 
  aunt Polly  (C)  ●  aunt Polly  (MS2)  Aunt Polly  (A) 
  half-full (A)  ●  full (MS2) 
  most (A)  ●  not in  (MS2) 
  sultry (A)  ●  sultry weather (MS2) 
  head (A)  ●  not in  (MS2) 
  Finn. (A)  ●  Finn! (MS2) 
  he (A)  ●  he  (MS2) 
  to herself (A)  ●  not in  (MS2) 
  have (A)  ●  of (MS2) 
  as long as (A)  ●  long’s (MS2) 
  ’em (A)  ●  ’m (MS2) 
Alterations in the Manuscript Chapter XLII.
 coffee] written over wiped-out ‘break’.
 yesterday,] originally ‘yesterday.’’; the period altered to a comma, and the closing quotation mark or quotation marks canceled (the MS page is cut here, making it impossible to tell if Mark Twain completed the quotation marks before revising).
 somewheres where] originally ‘somewhere w’; ‘s’ added to ‘somewhere’, and ‘where’ written over wiped-out ‘w’.
 laid] follows canceled ‘left’.
 Sis.”] interlined above canceled ‘Polly.” ’
 him;] the semicolon mended from a period.
 at] interlined above canceled ‘on’.
 crying] written over ‘and’.
 I] followed by a wiped-out apostrophe.
 and scattering] interlined above canceled ‘and shouting’; ‘a-’ added to the interlineation and then canceled preceding ‘scattering’.
 right and left] interlined.
 very] interlined above canceled ‘terrible’.
 example] followed by a wiped-out comma.
 owner] originally ‘own w’; ‘w’ wiped out and ‘er’ added to ‘own’.
 cooled] interlined above canceled ‘called’.
 he was] ‘he’ interlined.
 said] interlined.
 must] interlined above canceled ‘would’.
 the cabin] originally ‘there’; ‘re’ canceled and ‘cabin’ interlined.
 the job] follows canceled ‘the job and was giving him’, which follows canceled ‘the job and was giving Jim a ta’.
 with a] ‘with’ written over wiped-out ‘o’.
 generl] the MS reads ‘general’ (emended); interlined.
 for me] interlined.
 help; and] ‘and’ added.
 

he got . . . well.] added on a new MS page, numbered 752, to replace a canceled passage at the bottom of MS page 751, and at the top and on the verso of MS page 753 (originally 752). The canceled passage is reproduced below. The superior numbers refer to Mark Twain’s revisions, which are listed following the passage: ‘and he got a little worse every hour, and by and by out of his head,1 and when I says this, out crawls this nigger from behind the wigwam or somewheres, and says he’ll help, and the boy was mad, and told him to clear out, and said he wouldn’t have no strange niggers meddling around him, but the nigger helped anyhow, and done it very well, too. Then he pretended to leave the raft, so as to satisfy’2

1. and he . . . head,] interlined; ‘a little’ interlined within the interlineation.

2. Then he . . . satisfy] ‘Then he . . . raft,’ interlined, and ‘so . . . satisfy’ added on the verso of the MS page with instructions to turn over.

 head, and . . . so I] originally ‘head; and I’; the comma added, and ‘and wouldn’t . . . so’ added, on the verso of the MS page with instructions to turn over, to replace canceled ‘and’; the original semicolon inadvertently left standing.
 any more,] interlined above interlined and canceled ‘some’.
 got] originally ‘got’; the underline canceled.
 all . . . night.] interlined to replace canceled ‘the rest of that night and all next day and next night.’; the preceding comma possibly added.
 and yet . . . hail.] squeezed in; the preceding semicolon mended from a period.
 or faithfuller,] interlined above a canceled comma.
 was] written over ‘a’.
 needed,] interlined above canceled ‘wanted,’.
 skiff come] interlined above canceled ‘little empty wood flat come floating’.
 good] written over wiped-out ‘l’.
 by the] written over wiped-out ‘with’.
 propped] written over wiped-out ‘do’.
 that old] ‘that’ originally ‘the’; ‘at’ written over ‘e’.
 in] interlined.
 Then] interlined above canceled ‘So’.
 took] written over wiped-out ‘taken’.
 Then] originally run on; marked to begin a new paragraph with a paragraph sign.
 I mean,] interlined; the preceding comma added.
 ‘Sid’] interlined to replace canceled ‘Tom’.
 get] interlined above canceled ‘snatch’.
 was, up] the comma and ‘up’ written over a wiped-out exclamation point.
 he’d] follows canceled ‘that’.
 ever] originally ‘every’; ‘y’ wiped out.
 thing—there . . . one:] originally ‘thing:’; the colon altered to a dash, and ‘there . . . one:’ interlined.
 free—] originally ‘free.” ’; the period altered to a dash, and the quotation marks canceled.
 Set the run—] interlined above canceled ‘Set the run—’.
 talking] the MS reads ‘talkin’’ (emended); originally ‘talking’; ‘g’ wiped out and the apostrophe added.
 He’d] follows canceled ‘She’.
 and stared,] interlined above canceled ‘her eyes out,’.
 and the] originally ‘and let the rats catch it; and’; ‘and let . . . it; and’ canceled and followed by ‘and the’; then ‘and the’ canceled and ‘and a’ interlined; finally, ‘and a’ canceled and ‘and the’ interlined.
 the] interlined to replace interlined and canceled ‘a’, which was interlined above canceled ‘the’.
 and spoons,] interlined.
 and flour,] interlined.
 apron] written over wiped-out ‘p’.
 pocket”—] the dash written over what appears to be canceled ‘L’ or a canceled open bracket; the quotation marks possibly added.
 “Mercy] originally ‘ “The mercy’; ‘ “The’ canceled, quotation [begin page 1115] marks added, and ‘M’ written over ‘m’; all revisions in pencil.
 then] interlined.
 come near] the MS reads ‘come very near’ (emended); ‘very’ interlined in pencil above canceled ‘mighty’.
 spiling] originally ‘spl’; ‘iling’ written over wiped-out ‘l’.
 let] follows canceled ‘opened’.
 warn’t] written over wiped-out ‘wag’.
 clean] interlined above canceled ‘clean’.
 as ever] ‘as’ written over wiped-out ‘as’.
 it] written over ‘and’.
 you] originally ‘ye’; ‘ou’ written over ‘e’.
 think,] the comma possibly added.
 and] follows canceled ‘for’.
 both] originally ‘both’; the underline canceled in pencil.
 says:] followed at the bottom of the MS page by canceled [¶] ‘ “What ever possessed’; the canceled passage may have extended to additional MS pages, now missing.
 again] originally ‘again’; the underline canceled in pencil.
 looking] written over ‘s’.
 reckon?”] interlined in pencil above canceled ‘suppose?” ’.
 Tom] written over wiped-out ‘Jim’.
 just] interlined.
 he was] ‘he’ written over canceled and wiped-out ‘he’.
 right?] followed by canceled quotation marks.
 out] followed by a canceled colon.
 I’ve knowed him] written over wiped-out ‘Old Miss Watson’.
 ashamed] followed by canceled ‘that’.
 so;] interlined.
 I must say] interlined in pencil.
 contented] written over wiped-out ‘gentle’.
 half-full] the MS reads ‘full’ (emended): ‘half’ interlined and canceled above ‘full’.
 seemed to me.] interlined in pencil above canceled ‘I tell you.’
 herself] interlined in pencil.
  better] originally ‘better’; the underline added in pencil.
 y’r] interlined.
 why,] originally ‘where’; ‘y,’ written over first ‘e’, and ‘re’ canceled.
 is] originally ‘is’; the underline canceled in pencil.
 pretty] originally ‘pretty’; the underline canceled.
 told] followed by canceled ‘him’.
 Tom’s . . . what; and] interlined.
 she] follows canceled ‘and’.
 chipped] interlined in pencil above canceled ‘clipped’.
 he] originally ‘he’; the underline canceled in pencil.
 wouldn’t] ‘n’t’ interlined in pencil.
 would] originally ‘was’; ‘o’ written over ‘a’; ‘u’ written over wiped-out ‘s’.
 and he] ‘and’ written over wiped-out ‘he’.
 as soft] ‘as’ written over wiped-out ‘s’.
 Sawyer] interlined.
 free!] the exclamation point replaces a canceled semicolon.
 until . . . how] squeezed in above canceled ‘how he could do such a low-down’.
 a body] interlined.
 his] originally ‘his’; the underline canceled in pencil.
 bringing-up] followed by canceled ‘Well, when it comes to adventures,’.
 eleven hundred mile,] interlined.
 out of] interlined above canceled ‘from’.
  you] the underline canceled in pencil and then restored in ink; see the textual note.
 I] originally ‘I’; the underline canceled in pencil.
 ’em,] the MS reads ‘ ’m,’ (emended); written over wiped-out ‘them’.
  what?] the underline canceled in pencil and then restored in ink.
 pettish.] followed by canceled quotation marks.
 letters?] the question mark written over wiped-out quotation marks.
 hain’t] interlined above canceled ‘haven’t’.
 that] originally ‘that’; the underline canceled.
 bet] follows canceled ‘‘copper’ that bet’.
 two dollars] interlined.
Textual Notes Chapter XLII.
  you] As in the manuscript; the first edition reads “you”. Mark Twain revised the emphasis of this word twice in the manuscript. He originally wrote “you” in ink, then canceled his underline in pencil, and later, in an attempt to restore the underscore, redrew it in ink. While it is possible that he changed his mind again on the typescript or in proof, it is so likely that the typist misunderstood his markings here (and took the restored underline as a cancellation) that the manuscript reading is retained.
Explanatory Notes Chapter XLII.
 he ain’t a bad nigger] The expression “bad nigger” had a particular meaning in the antebellum period: it defined the “bold individuals who refused to accept whippings, sauced masters and mistresses with impunity, ran away at the slightest provocation, and even killed masters and overseers who abused them” (Roberts, 176). “Being labeled ‘bad’ by Southern white plantation owners in the sense of being dangerous, obstreperous, and the like indicated to black people that the individual in question was unwilling to submit passively to the oppression of slavery. Thus ‘bad niggers’ were Negroes with spirit, Negroes who were willing to fight the system” (Dundes, 581n). In some cases, “behaviors defined by whites during slavery as those of the ‘bad nigger’ came to be viewed by African Americans after emancipation as the free and open expression of citizenship” (Roberts, 177).
 Then what on earth did you want to set him free for, seeing he was already free?] In the 1840s, a freedman in Jim’s position was still not free: he could not vote, or safely travel at will, and without his manumission papers (easily stolen or held by local authorities), he could be imprisoned and sold into slavery again. Although slavery was abolished in 1865 (eleven years before Clemens began writing this book), after the war conditions worsened for the new freedmen and women, despite the passage of the 14th and 15th amendments to the Constitution. The Freedman’s Bureau, established to provide help and legal protection from local abuses, was abolished in 1872, and in 1877 the last of the federal troops were withdrawn from the South. Local authorities were often complicit in the terrorist tactics of mobs and white supremacist groups such as the White Brotherhood and the Ku Klux Klan, and the former “black codes” were replaced by “Jim Crow” practices and laws, restricting the rights of freedmen to vote and threatening them with beatings, fines, and imprisonment for random minor infractions (Litwack 1980, 220 passim). Several scholars have suggested that Huckleberry Finn, ostensibly an evocation of the antebellum South, actually reflects the deteriorating social and political situation in the Reconstruction and post-Reconstruction era, when the slave found himself “free at last and thoroughly impotent, the object of devious schemes and a hapless victim of constant brutality” [begin page 451] (Schmitz, 60; see also Fishkin, 70–75; Budd 1962, 105–6; Berkove 1994, 213–16; Carrington, 189–92; and Doyno 1996a, 15–16). This thesis is particularly relevant to the concluding “evasion” chapters of the book, where Jim is made to suffer through Tom Sawyer’s elaborate scheme to “set a nigger free that was already free before” (360.6–8). The thesis, however intriguing, remains undocumented: Mark Twain nowhere explicitly stated such a purpose for his novel, either at the time of publication or later.
 So now I got to go and trapse all the way down the river eleven hundred mile] The actual distance from Hannibal to the southeast corner of Arkansas (the equivalent of the distance from St. Petersburg to Pikesville in Mark Twain’s fictional geography) was about 820 miles along the river. A distance of 1100 miles would have put the farm well down into Louisiana or Mississippi, a result which Mark Twain clearly did not intend (James, 3–4; see the notes to 266.9–267.7 and 274.15–16). Mark Twain made two later, somewhat ambiguous, statements about the distance to the Phelps farm. In chapter 3 of “Tom Sawyer Abroad,” written in 1892, when Tom announces that the balloon has traveled “close onto eight hundred mile,” Huck recalls, “in my experience I knowed it wouldn’t take much short of two weeks to do it down the Mississippi on a raft” ( TSA , 20, 189). And in chapter 2 of “Tom Sawyer, Detective,” written in 1895, Mark Twain located the Phelps farm “in Arkansaw . . . not so very much short of a thousand miles” from St. Petersburg ( TSA , 112, 191–92). Such discrepancies show that Mark Twain was fairly casual about adhering to exact mileage to make his narrative plausible.