Explanatory Notes
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Apparatus Notes
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Chapter XXXV.
[begin page 298]
getting wood.
Click the thumbnail to see the illustrated chapter heading
Chapter XXXV.emendation

It would be most analteration in the MS hour, yet, till breakfast, so we left, and struck down into the woods; because Tom said we got to have some light to see how to dig by, and a lantern makesemendation too much, and might get us into trouble; what we must have was a lot of them rotten chunks that’semendation calledalteration in the MS fox-fire,historical collation and just makes a soft kind of a glow when you lay them in a dark place. We fetched an armful and hid it in the weeds, and set down to rest, and Tom saysalteration in the MS, kind of dissatisfied:

“Blame it, this whole thingalteration in the MS is justalteration in the MS as easy and awkard asalteration in the MS it can be. And so italteration in the MS makes it so rottenalteration in the MS difficult to get up a difficultalteration in the MS plan. There ain’t no watchman to be drugged—now there ought to be a watchman. There ain’t even a dog,historical collation to give a sleeping-mixture to. And there’s Jim chained by one leg, with a ten-foot chain, to the leg of his bed: why, all you got to do is to lift up the bedstead and slip off the chain. And unclehistorical collation Silas heemendation trusts everybody; sends the key to theemendation punkinheadedhistorical collation nigger, and don’t send nobodyemendation to watch the nigger.alteration in the MS Jim could a got out of that window-hole,historical collation before this, only there wouldn’t be no use tryingemendation to travel with a ten-foot chain on his leg. Why, drat it, Huck, it’semendation the stupidest arrangementalteration in the MS I ever see.emendation You got to invent all the difficulties. Well, we can’t help it, we got to do the best we can with the materials we’ve got. Anyhow, there’s one thing—there’s more honor in getting him out through a lot of difficulties and dangers, where there warn’t one of them furnished to you by the people who [begin page 299] it was their duty to furnish them, and you had to contrive them all out of your own head. Now look at just that one thing of the lantern. When you come downalteration in the MS to the cold facts, we simply got to let on that a lantern’s reskyemendation. Why,alteration in the MS we could work with a torchlight procession if we wanted to,alteration in the MS I believe. Nowalteration in the MS historical collation whilst I think of it, we got to hunt up something to make a saw out of, the firstalteration in the MS chance we get.”

“What do we want of a saw?”

“What do we want of it? Hain’t we got to saw the leg of Jim’s bed off, so as to get the chain loose?”

“Why, you just said a body could lift up the bedsteademendation and slip the chain off.”

“Well, if that ain’t just likealteration in the MS you, Huck Finn.alteration in the MS You can get up the infant-schooliestalteration in the MS ways of going at a thing. Why, hain’t you ever read any books at all?— Baron Trenck, nor Casanova, nor Benvenuto Chelleeny, nor Henri IVhistorical collation explanatory note,alteration in the MS nor none of them heroes? Whoever heard of getting a prisoner loose in such an old-maidy way as that? No; the way all the best authorities does, is to saw the bed-leg in two, and leave it just so, and swallow the sawdustemendation, so it can’t be found, and put some dirt and grease around the sawed place so the very keenest seneskal can’t see no sign of itsemendation beingalteration in the MS sawed, and thinks theemendation bed-leg is perfectly sound. Then, the night you’re ready, fetch the leg a kick, downalteration in the MS she goes; slip off your chain, and there you are. Nothingemendation to do but hitch your rope-ladderemendation to the battlements, shin down it, break your leg in the moat—because a rope-ladder is nineteen foot too shortexplanatory note, you know—and there’s your horses and your trusty vasslesemendation, and they scoop you up and fling you across a saddle and away you go, to your native Langudocemendation, or Navarreexplanatory note, or wherever it is. It’s gaudyalteration in the MS emendation, Huck. I wish there was a moat to this cabin. If we get time, the night of the escape, we’ll dig one.”

I says:

“What do we want of a moat, when we’re going to snake him out from under the cabin?”

But he never heard me. He had forgot me and everything else. He had his chin in his hand, thinking. Pretty soon, he sighs,alteration in the MS and shakes his head; then sighs again, and says:

“No, it wouldn’t do—there ain’t necessity enough for it.”

“For what?” I says.

“Why, to saw Jim’s leg off,” he says.

[begin page 300] “Good land!” I says, “Why,historical collation there ain’t no necessity for it. And what would you want to saw his leg off,historical collation for, anyway?”

one of the best authorities.

“Well, some of the best authorities has done it. They couldn’t get the chain off, so they just cut their hand off, and shoved. And a leg would be better still.alteration in the MS But we got to let that go. There ain’t necessity enough in this case; and besides,alteration in the MS Jim’s a nigger and wouldn’t understand the reasons for it, and how it’s the custom in Europe;alteration in the MS so we’ll let it go. But there’s one thing—he can have a rope ladderhistorical collation; we can tear up our sheets and make him a rope ladderhistorical collation explanatory note easy enough.alteration in the MS And we can send it to him in a pie; it’s mostly done that way. And I’ve et worse pies.”

“Why, Tom Sawyer, how you talk,” I says; “Jim ain’t got no use for a rope ladderhistorical collation.”

“He has got use for it. How you talk, you better say:historical collation you don’t know nothing about it. He’s got to have a rope ladder:historical collation they all do.”

“What in the nation can he do with it?”

Do with it? He can hide it in his bed, can’t he? That’s what they all do; and he’shistorical collation got to, tooalteration in the MS. Huck, youalteration in the MS don’t ever seem to want to do [begin page 301] anything that’s regular:historical collation you want to be starting something fresh all the time. Spose he don’t do nothingemendation with it? ain’t it there in his bed, for a clew, after he’s gone? and don’t you reckon they’llalteration in the MS want clews? Of course they willalteration in the MS. And you wouldn’t leave them any? That would be a pretty howdy-doalteration in the MS, wouldn’t it!alteration in the MS I never heard of such a thing.”

“Well,” I says, “if it’s in thealteration in the MS regulations, and he’s got to have it, all right, let him have it; because I don’t wish to go back on no regulations; but there’s one thing, Tom Sawyer—if we go to tearing up our sheets to make Jim a rope ladderhistorical collation, we’reemendation going to get into trouble with aunthistorical collation Sally,alteration in the MS just as sure as you’reemendation born. Nowhistorical collation the way I look at it, a hickry barkhistorical collation ladder don’t cost nothing, and don’t waste nothing, and is just as good to load up a pie with, and hide in a straw tick, as any rag-ladderemendation you can start;alteration in the MS and as for Jim, he ain’t had no experience, and soalteration in the MS he don’t care what kind of a—historical collation

Ohistorical collation shucks, Huck Finn, if I was as ignorant as you, I’d keep still—that’s whatalteration in the MS I’d do. Who ever heard of a state prisoner escaping by a hickry barkhistorical collation ladder?alteration in the MS Why, it’s perfectly ridiculousemendation.”

“Well, all right, Tom, fix it your own way; but if you’ll take my advice, you’ll let me borrow a sheet off of the clothes linehistorical collation.”

He said that would do. And that give him another idea, and he says:

“Borrow a shirt, too.”

“What do we want of a shirt, Tom?”alteration in the MS

“Want it for Jim to keep a journal onexplanatory note.”

“Journal your granny— Jim can’t writeexplanatory note.”

“Spose he can’t write—he can make marks on the shirt, can’t he, if we make him a pen out of an old pewter spoon or a piece of an old iron barrel-hoop?”

“Why, Tom, wealteration in the MS can pull a feather out of a goose and make him a better one; and quicker, too.”

Prisoners don’t have geese running around the donjon-keep to pull pens out of, you muggins. They always make their pens out of the hardest, toughest, troublesomest piece of old brass candlestick or something like thatemendation they can get their hands on; and it takes them weeks and weeks, and months and months to file it out, too,alteration in the MS because they’ve got to do it by rubbing it on the wall. They wouldn’t use a goose-quill if they had it. It ain’t regular.”

“Well, then, what’llemendation we make him the ink out of?”

[begin page 302] “Many makes it out of iron-rust and tearsemendation; but that’s the common sort and womenemendation; the best authorities usesalteration in the MS their own bloodexplanatory note. Jim can do that; and when he wants to send any little common ordinary mysterious message to let the world know where he’s captivated, he can write it on the bottom of a tin plate with a fork and throw it out of the window. The Iron Maskexplanatory note always done that,alteration in the MS and it’s a blame’ good way, too.”

“Jim ain’t got no tin plates. Theyalteration in the MS feed him in a pan.”

“That ain’t anything; we can get him some.”

“Can’t nobody read his plates.”

“That ain’t got nothing to do with it, Huck Finn. All he’shistorical collation alteration in the MS got to do is to write on the plate and throw it out. You don’t have to be able to read it. Why, half the time you can’t read anything a prisoner writes on a tin plate, or anywhere else.”

“Well, then, what’s the sense in wasting the plates?”

“Why, blame it all, it ain’t the prisoner’s plates.”

“But it’s somebody’s plates, ain’t it?”

the breakfast horn emendation.

[begin page 303] “Well, spos’n it is? What does the prisoner care whose—historical collation

He broke off there, because we heard the breakfast hornhistorical collation blowing. So we cleared out for the house.

Alongemendation during that morning I borrowed a sheetalteration in the MS and a white shirt off of the clothes linehistorical collation; and I found an old sack and put them in it, and we went down and got the fox-fire, and put that in,historical collation too. I called it borrowing, because that was what pap always called it; but Tom said it warn’t borrowing, it was stealing. He said we was representing prisoners; and prisoners don’t care how they get a thing so they get it, and nobody don’t blame them for it, either. It ain’t no crime in a prisoner to steal the thingemendation he needsalteration in the MS to get away with, Tom said; it’s his right; and so, as long as we was representing a prisoner, we had a perfect right to steal anything on this place we had the least use for, to get ourselves out of prison with. He said if we warn’t prisoners it would be a very different thing, and nobody but a mean ornery person would steal when he warn’t a prisoner. So we allowed we would steal everything there was that come handy. And yet he made a mighty fuss, one day, after that, when I stole a watermelonhistorical collation out of the nigger patch and eat it; and he made me go and give the niggers a dime, without telling them what it was for. Tom saidalteration in the MS that what he meant was, we could steal anything we needed. Well, I says, I needed the watermelon. But he said I didn’t need it to get out of prison with, there’semendation where the difference was. He said if I’demendation a wanted it to hide a knife in, and smuggle it to Jim to kill the seneskal with, it would a been all right. So I let it go at that, though I couldn’t see no advantage in my representing a prisoner, if I got to set down and chaw over a lot of gold-leaf distinctions like that, every time I see a chance to hog a watermelon.

Well, as I was saying, we waited,historical collation that morning,historical collation tillalteration in the MS everybody was settled down to business, and nobody in sight around the yard; then Tom heemendation carried the sack into the lean-to whilst I stood off a piece to keep watch. By and byhistorical collation he come out, and we wentalteration in the MS and set down on the woodpilehistorical collation, to talkalteration in the MS. He says:

“Everything’s all right, now, except tools; and that’s easy fixed.”

“Tools?” I says.

“Yes.”

“Tools for what?”

“Why, to dig with. We ain’t agoing to gnaw him out, are we?”

[begin page 304] “Ain’t them old crippledalteration in the MS picks and things in there good enough to dig a nigger out with?” I says.

He turns on me looking pitying enough to make a body cry;historical collation and says:

“Huck Finn, did you ever hear of a prisoner having picks and shovelshistorical collation and all the modern conveniences in his wardrobe to dig himself out with? Now I want to ask you—if you got any reasonableness in you at all—what kind of a showalteration in the MS would that give him to be a hero? Whyhistorical collation they might as well lend him the key, and done with it. Picks and shovels—why they wouldn’t furnish ’em to a king.”

“Well, then,” I says, “if we don’t want the picks and shovels, what do we want?”

“A couple of casekniveshistorical collation.”

“To dig the foundations out from under that cabin with?”

“Yes.”

Confoundtextual note emendation it, it’s foolish, Tom.”

“It don’t make no difference how foolish it is,alteration in the MS it’s the right way—and it’s the regular way. And there ain’t no other way, that ever I heard of;historical collation and I’ve read all the books that gives any information about these things. They always dig out with a caseknifehistorical collation explanatory note—and not through dirt, mind you; generlyemendation it’s through solid rock. And it takes them weeks and weeks and weeks, and foreverhistorical collation and ever. Why, look at one of them prisoners in the bottom dungeon of the Castle Deefexplanatory note, in the harbor of Marseilles, that dug himself out that way:historical collation how long was he at it, youemendation reckon?”

Iemendation don’t know.”

“Well, guess.”

“I don’t know. A month and a half?”

Thirty-seven year explanatory note—and he come out in China. That’s the kind. I wish the bottom of this fortress was solid rock.”

Jim don’t know nobody in China.”

“What’salteration in the MS that got to do with it? Neither did that other fellow. But you’re always a-wandering off on a side issue. Why can’t you stick to the main point?”

“All right—I don’t care where he comes out, so he comes out; and Jim don’t, either, I reckon. But there’s one thing, anyway—Jim’s too old to be dug out with a caseknifehistorical collation. He won’t last.”

“Yes he will last, too. You don’t reckon it’s going to take thirty-seven yearsalteration in the MS to dig out throughemendation a dirt foundation, do you?”

[begin page 305] “How long will it take, Tom?”

“Well, we can’t resk being as long as we ought to, because italteration in the MS mayn’t take very long for unclehistorical collation Silas to hearalteration in the MS from down there by New Orleans. He’ll hearemendation Jim ain’t from there. Then his next move will be to advertise Jim, or something like that. So we can’t resk being as long digging him out as we ought to.alteration in the MS By rights I reckon we ought to be a couple of years; but we can’t. Things being so uncertain, what I recommend is this: that we reallyalteration in the MS dig right in, as quick as we can; and after that, we can let on, to ourselves, that we was at it thirty-seven years. Then we can snatch him out and rush him away the first time there’s an alarm. Yes, I reckon that’ll be the best way.historical collation

Nowhistorical collation there’s sense in that,” I says. “Letting-onhistorical collation don’t cost nothing; letting-onemendation ain’t no trouble; and if it’s any object, I don’t mind letting on we wasalteration in the MS at it a hundred and fifty year. It wouldn’t strain me none, after I got my hand in. So I’ll mosey along,historical collation now, and smouch a couple of casekniveshistorical collation.”

“Smouch three,” he says; “we want one to make a saw out of.”

“Tom, if it ain’t unregularalteration in the MS and irreligious to sejest it,” I says, “there’s an old rusty saw-blade around yonder sticking under the weatherboarding behind the smokehousehistorical collation.”

He looked kind of weary and discouraged-like, and says:

“It ain’t no use to try to learn you nothing, Huck. Run along and smouch the knives—three of them.” Soemendation I done it.

smouching the knives.

Historical Collation Chapter XXXV.
  fox-fire, (MS2)  ●  fox-fire (A) 
  dog, (MS2)  ●  dog  (A) 
  uncle (MS2)  ●  Uncle (A) 
  punkinheaded (MS2)  ●  punkin- | headed (A) 
  window-hole, (MS2)  ●  window hole (A) 
  Now (MS2)  ●  Now, (A) 
  IV (MS2)  ●  IV. (A) 
  Why (MS2)  ●  why (A) 
  off, (MS2)  ●  off  (A) 
  rope ladder (MS2)  ●  rope-ladder (A) 
  rope ladder (MS2)  ●  rope- | ladder (A) 
  rope ladder (MS2)  ●  rope- | ladder (A) 
  say: (MS2)  ●  say; (A) 
  rope ladder: (MS2)  ●  rope ladder; (A) 
  he’s  (MS2)  ●  he ’s  (A) 
  regular: (MS2)  ●  regular; (A) 
  rope ladder (MS2)  ●  rope- | ladder (A) 
  aunt (MS2)  ●  Aunt (A) 
  Now (MS2)  ●  Now, (A) 
  hickry bark (MS2)  ●  hickry-bark (A) 
  a— (MS2)  ●  a—— (A) 
  O (MS2)  ●  Oh, (A) 
  hickry bark (MS2)  ●  hickry-bark (A) 
  clothes line (MS2)  ●  clothes-line (A) 
  he’s (MS2)  ●  he’s  (A) 
  whose— (MS2)  ●  whose—— (A) 
  breakfast horn (MS2)  ●  breakfast-horn (A) 
  clothes line (MS2)  ●  clothes-line (A) 
  in, (MS2)  ●  in  (A) 
  watermelon (MS2)  ●  water- | melon (A) 
  waited, (MS2)  ●  waited  (A) 
  morning, (MS2)  ●  morning  (A) 
  By and by (MS2)  ●  By-and-by (A) 
  woodpile (MS2)  ●  wood-pile (A) 
  cry; (MS2)  ●  cry, (A) 
  shovels (MS2)  ●  shovels, (A) 
  Why (MS2)  ●  Why, (A) 
  caseknives (MS2)  ●  case-knives (A) 
  of; (MS2)  ●  of, (A) 
  caseknife (MS2)  ●  case-knife (A) 
  forever (MS2)  ●  for ever (A) 
  way: (MS2)  ●  way; (A) 
  caseknife (MS2)  ●  case-knife (A) 
  uncle (MS2)  ●  Uncle (A) 
  way. (MS2)  ●  way  (A) 
  Now (MS2)  ●  Now, (A) 
  Letting-on (MS2)  ●  Letting on (A) 
  along, (MS2)  ●  along  (A) 
  caseknives (MS2)  ●  case-knives (A) 
  smokehouse (MS2)  ●  smoke-house (A) 
Editorial Emendations Chapter XXXV.
  Chapter XXXV. (A)  ●  not in (MS2) 
  makes (A)  ●  would make (MS2) 
  that’s (A)  ●  that is (MS2) 
  he (A)  ●  not in  (MS2) 
  to the (A)  ●  to that (MS2) 
  nobody (A)  ●  anybody (MS2) 
  trying (A)  ●  in trying (MS2) 
  it’s (A)  ●  its (MS2) 
  see. (A)  ●  see: (MS2) 
  resky (A)  ●  risky (MS2) 
  bedstead (A)  ●  bed- | stead (MS2) 
  sawdust (A)  ●  saw- | dust (MS2) 
  its (C)  ●  it’s (MS2 A) 
  the (A)  ●  that that (MS2) 
  are. Nothing (A)  ●  are: nothing (MS2) 
  rope-ladder (A)  ●  rope- | ladder (MS2) 
  vassles (A)  ●  friends (MS2) 
  Langudoc (A)  ●  Languedoc (MS2) 
  gaudy (A)  ●  gorgeous (MS2) 
  nothing (A)  ●  anything (MS2) 
  we’re (A)  ●  we are (MS2) 
  you’re (A)  ●  you are (MS2) 
  rag-ladder (C)  ●  rag- | ladder (MS2)  rag ladder (A) 
  ridiculous (A)  ●  ridiclous (MS2) 
  that (A)  ●  that that (MS2) 
  what’ll (A)  ●  what will (MS2) 
  tears (A)  ●  spit (MS2) 
  and women (A)  ●  not in  (MS2) 
  breakfast horn  (C)  ●  not in  (MS2)  breakfast-horn  (A) 
  house. [¶] Along (A)  ●  house. ||  chapter sink [¶] Along (MS2) 
  thing (A)  ●  things (MS2) 
  there’s (A)  ●  and there’s (MS2) 
  I’d (A)  ●  I had (MS2) 
  he (A)  ●  not in  (MS2) 
  Confound (A)  ●  Consound (MS2) 
  generly (A)  ●  generally (MS2) 
  you (A)  ●  do you (MS2) 
  I (A)  ●  I  (MS2) 
  through (A)  ●  not in  (MS2) 
  hear (A)  ●  hear that (MS2) 
  letting-on (C)  ●  letting- | on (MS2)  letting on (A) 
  them.” no So (A)  ●  them.” [¶] So (MS2) 
Alterations in the Manuscript Chapter XXXV.
 most an] interlined above canceled ‘a half an’.
 called] interlined.
 and set . . . and Tom says] follows a comma mended from a period; originally ‘and went to breakfast. Tom set down to rest, and says’; ‘went to breakfast.’ canceled, then ‘Tom’ canceled and ‘Tom’ interlined before ‘says’.
 thing] interlined.
 just] follows canceled ‘je’.
 easy and awkard as] ‘awkard as’ interlined; ‘easy and’ added to the interlineation.
 And so it] ‘And so’ interlined; ‘I’ of ‘It’ not reduced to ‘i’.
 rotten] interlined above canceled ‘consounded’.
 a difficult] ‘l’ written over ‘t’.
 the nigger.] followed by canceled ‘We could hire him, for a half a dollar,’.
 stupidest arrangement] originally ‘stupidest, awkardest fix’; the comma and ‘awkardest fix’ canceled, and ‘arrangement’ interlined.
 down] follows canceled ‘right’.
 Why,] interlined above canceled ‘Shucks,’; the canceled comma may have been added to replace a canceled exclamation point.
 to,] the comma mended from a period.
 Now] interlined following canceled ‘Looky-here,’.
 something . . . first] originally ‘an old saw, first’; then ‘the’ interlined to read ‘an old saw, the first’; ‘an . . . first’ canceled; and finally ‘something . . . first’ interlined above it.
 like] originally ‘like’; the underline canceled.
 Finn.] the period replaces a canceled exclamation point.
 infant-schooliest] ‘infant-’ interlined above canceled ‘Sunday-’.
 nor Henri IV,] interlined.
 being] ‘ing’ written over what may be a wiped-out ‘s’.
 down] written over wiped-out ‘slip’.
 gaudy] the MS reads ‘gorgeous’ (emended); follows canceled ‘just’.
 sighs,] follows canceled ‘says:’.
 And . . . still.] interlined in pencil.
 besides,] interlined in pencil.
 Europe;] followed by ‘anyway;’ canceled in pencil.
 enough.] followed by canceled ‘If we can make it short enough.’
 got to, too] originally ‘got to do it, too’; ‘do it,’ canceled and a comma added following ‘to’; both revisions in pencil.
 Huck, you] originally ‘You’; ‘Huck,’ interlined in pencil; ‘Y’ of ‘You’ not reduced to ‘y’.
 they’ll] ‘ ’ll’ interlined in pencil.
 will] interlined above canceled ‘do’.
 howdy-do] originally ‘howdyedo’; the hyphen written over wiped-out ‘e’.
 it!] originally ‘it.’; a question mark written over the period; then the question mark mended to an exclamation point; both revisions in pencil.
 in the] interlined.
 into trouble with aunt Sally,] originally ‘into trouble with aunt Sally,’; ‘into trouble with’ canceled, the comma canceled following ‘Sally’, and ‘into our hair,’ interlined to read ‘aunt Sally into our hair,’; the preceding revisions all in ink; then, in pencil, ‘into trouble with’ interlined, a comma added following ‘Sally’, and ‘into our hair,’ canceled, restoring the original reading.
 start;] the semicolon possibly mended from a comma.
 he . . . so] interlined.
 what] ‘t’ written over ‘d’.
 ladder?] the question mark written in pencil over an exclamation point.
 shirt, Tom?”] originally ‘shirt?” ’; ‘Tom’ interlined in pencil following the question mark; then, in ink, a comma added following ‘shirt’, the question mark and ‘Tom” ’ canceled, and ‘Tom?” ’ added.
 “Why, Tom, we] originally ‘ “We’; ‘Why, Tom,’ interlined in pencil; ‘W’ of ‘We’ not reduced to ‘w’.
 too,] the comma mended from a period.
 uses] the second ‘s’ added.
 that,] the comma mended from a period; followed by canceled quotation marks.
 plates. They] originally ‘plates.” ’; ‘They’ written over the quotation marks.
  he’s] originally ‘he’s’; the underline added in pencil.
 sheet] written over wiped-out ‘sh’.
 needs] followed by a comma canceled in pencil.
 said] followed by what appears to be a wiped-out comma.
 till] follows canceled ‘till everything was’.
 went] followed by canceled ‘away’.
 to talk] follows canceled ‘to talk. He was grouty again.’
 crippled] possibly mended from ‘cru’.
 a show] ‘a’ interlined.
 is,] interlined above canceled ‘looks,’.
 “What’s] originally ‘ “Well, what’s’; ‘ “Well,’ canceled, ‘W’ written over ‘w’ of ‘what’s’, and the quotation marks added.
 years] the ‘s’ added.
 it] follows canceled ‘we’.
 hear] follows canceled ‘find out’.
 ought to.] originally ‘ought to be.’; ‘be.’ canceled, and the period added following ‘to’.
 really] written over wiped-out ‘w’ or ‘n’.
 was] originally ‘wast’; ‘t’ canceled.
 unregular] originally ‘onregular’; ‘o’ canceled and ‘u’ interlined in pencil.
Textual Notes Chapter XXXV.
 Confound] The manuscript reads “Consound”. The first edition reading, “Confound”, is the more common expression and might have resulted from a typist or compositor’s efforts to correct an unusual reading. It is however adopted here as Mark Twain’s revision since there are two such variants (in Buck Grangerford’s conversation at 135.19 and Huck’s here) and the change is consonant with the subtle dialect changes that the author makes throughout the book.
Explanatory Notes Chapter XXXV.
 Baron Trenck, nor Casanova, nor Benvenuto Chelleeny, nor Henri IV] Baron Friedrich von der Trenck (1726–94), the Prussian soldier and adventurer; Giacomo Girolamo Casanova de Seingalt (1725–98), the Italian adventurer; Benvenuto Cellini (1500–71), the Italian goldsmith and sculptor; and Henry IV of France (1553–1610). All made exciting escapes, and the first three wrote memoirs recounting them.
 break your leg . . . nineteen foot too short] “Benvenuto Cellini’s rope-ladder was too short. He fell into a moat, breaking his leg, when he attempted to escape from the castle of S. Angelo” (Olin Harris Moore, 335).
 Langudoc, or Navarre] Languedoc was a southern province of medieval France; Navarre, Henry IV’s inheritance and refuge after his escape, was an ancient kingdom in the Pyrenees.
 we can tear up our sheets and make him a rope ladder] An expedient described by Baron Trenck, Casanova, and Cellini, among others. (Olin Harris Moore, 333–35, cites relevant source passages; see also notes to 302.2, 302.5–6, and 304.20.)
 a shirt . . . for Jim to keep a journal on] In addition to the memoirs of the actual prisoners mentioned above, Tom may have been familiar with one or more books by Alexandre Dumas. In The Man in the Iron Mask, from Celebrated Crimes (1839), a prisoner at the Ile Sainte Marguerite also wrote on a shirt; and in The Count of Monte Cristo (1845), the imprisoned Abbé Faria wrote a political treatise on two shirts.
  Jim can’t write] In most slave states, strict laws prohibited the teaching of slaves, mainly to prevent them from reading abolitionist literature. In 1836, after a purge of its abolitionist president and faculty by proslavery forces, Missouri’s Marion College forbade its students to [begin page 447] teach slaves to read and write unless they first secured the slaveowners’ permission. In 1847, a Missouri state law was passed which made it a crime to instruct blacks in reading and writing (Trexler, 82–84; Holcombe, 230).
 the best authorities uses their own blood] A practice followed by Baron Trenck and Abbé Faria.
 write it on the bottom of a tin plate . . . Iron Mask] The Iron Mask scratched his name on a plate and threw it out of the window of his cell.
 dig out with a caseknife] Baron Trenck sawed through iron bars with a pen-knife, and Abbé Faria, as Mark Twain recalled in chapter 11 of The Innocents Abroad, “dug through the thick wall with some trifling instrument which he wrought himself out of a stray piece of iron or table cutlery” (SLC 1869a, 104).
 Castle Deef] Tom’s name for the Château d’If, site of the Count of Monte Cristo’s imprisonment and of a brief sojourn for the Iron Mask. Clemens visited it during the Quaker City voyage in 1867: “We saw the damp, dismal cells in which two of Dumas’ heroes passed their confinement—heroes of ‘Monte Christo.’ . . . They showed us the noisome cell where the celebrated ‘Iron Mask’—that ill-starred brother of a hard-hearted king of France—was confined for a season, before he was sent to hide the strange mystery of his life from the curious in the dungeons of St. Marguerite” (chapter 11, SLC 1869a, 104).
  Thirty-seven year] Tom exaggerates: after digging for three years the abbé came up, not in China, but in another prisoner’s cell.