Explanatory Notes
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Apparatus Notes
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Chapter XXXI.
[begin page 265]
spanish moss.
Click the thumbnail to see the illustrated chapter heading
Chapter XXXI.emendation

We dasn’t stop again at any town, for days andalteration in the MS days; kept right along down the river. We was down south in the warm weather, now, and a mighty long ways from home. We begun to come to trees with Spanish moss on them, hanging down from the limbs like long gray beards. It was the first I ever see italteration in the MS explanatory note growing,alteration in the MS and it made the woods look solemn and dismal. So now the frauds reckoned they was out of danger, and they begun to work the villages again.

First they done a lecture on temperance; but they didn’t make enough for them both to get drunk on. Then in another village they started a dancing school; but they didn’t knowalteration in the MS no more how to dance than a kangaroo does; so the first prance they made, the general public jumped in and pranced them out of town. Another time they tried a go at yellocution; but they didn’t yellocutealteration in the MS long till the audience got up and give them a solid good cussing and made them skip out. They tackled missionarying, and mesmerizeringemendation, and doctoring, and telling fortunes, and a little of everything; but they couldn’t seem to have no luck. So at last they got just about dead broke, and laid around the raft, as she floatedalteration in the MS along, thinking, and thinking, and never saying nothing, by the half a day at a time, and dreadful blue and desperate.

And at last they took a changehistorical collation and begun to lay their heads together in the wigwam and talk low and confidential two or three hoursalteration in the MS at a time. Jim and me got uneasy. We didn’t like the look of it. [begin page 266] We judged they was studying up some kind of worse deviltry than ever. We turned it over and over, and at last we made up our minds theyemendation was going to break into somebody’s house or store, or was going into the counterfeit moneyhistorical collation business, or something. So then we was pretty scared, and made up an agreement that we wouldn’t have nothing in the world to do with such actions, and ifemendation we ever got the least show we would give them the cold shake, and clear out and leave them behind. Well, early one morning we hid the raft in a good safe place about two mile below a little bit of a shabby village, named Pikesvilleemendation,alteration in the MS and the king he went ashore, and told us all to stay hid whilst he went up to town and smelt around to see if anybody had got anyalteration in the MS wind of the Royal Nonesuchemendation there yet. (“House to rob, you mean,” says I to myself; “and when you get through robbing it you’ll comealteration in the MS back here and wonder what’s become of me and Jim and the raft—and you’llalteration in the MS have to take it out in wondering.”)alteration in the MS And he said if he warn’temendation back by midday, the duke and me would know it was all right, and we was to come along.

So we staid where wealteration in the MS was. The duke he fretted and sweated around, and was inalteration in the MS a mighty sour way. He scolded us for everything, and we couldn’t seem to do nothing right; he found fault with every little thing. Something was a-brewing, sure.alteration in the MS I was good and glad when middayemendation come and no king; we could have a change, anywayemendation—and maybe a chance for the change, on top of it.alteration in the MS So me and the dukealteration in the MS emendation went up to the village, and hunted around there for the king, and by and byhistorical collation we found him in the back room of a little low doggery, very tight, and a lot of loafers bullyragging him for sport, and he a cussing and threatening with all his might, and so tight he couldn’t walk, and couldn’t doalteration in the MS nothing to them. The duke heemendation begun to abuse him for an old fool, and the king begun to sass back; and the minute they was fairly at it, I lit out, and shook the reefs out of my hind legs, and spunemendation down the river road like a deer—for I see our chance; and I made up my mindalteration in the MS that it would be a long day before they ever see me and Jim again. I got down there allalteration in the MS out of breath but loaded upalteration in the MS with joy, and sung out—

“Set her loose, Jim, we’re all right, now!”

But there warn’t no answer, and nobody come out of the wigwamemendation. Jim was gone! I set up a shout,historical collation—and then another—and then another one; and run this way and that in the woods, whooping and screeching; but it warn’t no use—old Jim was gone. Then I set down and [begin page 267] cried; I couldn’t help it. But I couldn’t set still long. Pretty soon I went out on the road, trying to think what I better do, and I run across a boy walking, and asked him if he’d seen a strange nigger, dressed so and so, and he says:

“Yes.”

Whereboutsemendation?alteration in the MS” says I.

“Down toalteration in the MS Silas Phelps’s place, two mile below hereexplanatory note.alteration in the MS He’s a runaway nigger, and they’ve got him. Was you lookingalteration in the MS emendation for him?”

“You bet I ain’t! I run across him in the woods aboutalteration in the MS an hour or two ago, and healteration in the MS said if I hollered he’d cut my livers out—and told me to lay down and stay where I was; and I done it. Been there ever since; afeard to come out.”

“Well,” he says, “you needn’t be afeard no more, becuz they’ve got him. He run off f’malteration in the MS down southhistorical collation, som’ers.”

“It’s a good job they got him.”

“Well, I reckon! There’s two hunderd dollars reward on him. It’s like picking up money out’n the road.”

“Yes, it is—and I couldalteration in the MS a had it if I’d been big enough:historical collation I see him first. Who nailed him?”

who nailed him?

[begin page 268] “It was an old fellowemendation—a stranger—and he sold out his chance in him for forty dollars, becuz he’s got to go up the river and can’t wait. Think o’ that, now! You bet I’dhistorical collation wait, if italteration in the MS was seven year.”

“That’s me, every time,” says I. “But maybe his chance ain’t worth no more than that, if he’ll sell it so cheap. Maybe there’s something ain’t straight about it.”

“But it is, though—straight as a string. I see the handbillemendation myself. It tells all about him, to a dot—paints him like a picture, and tells the plantation he’s frumtextual note emendation, below Newrleans emendation. No-sir-ree-bob historical collation,alteration in the MS they ain’t noalteration in the MS trouble ’bout that speculation, you bet you.alteration in the MS Say, gimmealteration in the MS a chaw tobacker,alteration in the MS won’t ye?”

I didn’t have none, so he left. I went to the raftalteration in the MS, and set down in the wigwam to think. But I couldn’t come to nothing. I thought,historical collation till I worealteration in the MS my head sore, but I couldn’t see no way out of the trouble. After all this long journey, and after all we’dalteration in the MS done for them scoundrels, here was it all come toalteration in the MS nothing, everything all busted up and ruined, because they could have the heart to servealteration in the MS Jim such a trick as that, and make him a slave again all his life, and amongst strangers, too,alteration in the MS for forty dirty dollars.

Once I said to myselfalteration in the MS it would be a thousand times better for Jim to be a slave at home where his family was, as long as he’d got to be a slave, and so I’d better write a letter to Tom Sawyer and tell him to tell Miss Watson where he was. But I soon give up that notion, for two things: she’d be mad and disgusted at his rascality and ungratefulness for leaving her, and so she’d sell him straight down the river again; and if she didn’t, everybody naturally despises an ungrateful nigger, and they’d make Jim feel it all the time, and so he’d feel ornery and disgraced. And then think of me! It would get all around, that Huck Finn helpedalteration in the MS a nigger toemendation get his freedom; and if I was to ever see anybody from that town again, I’d be ready to get down and lick his boots for shame. That’s just the way: a person does a low-down thing, and then he don’t want to take no consequences of it. Thinks as long as he can hide it, it ain’t no disgrace. That wasemendation my fix exactlyemendation. The more I studiedemendation about this, the more my conscience wentemendation to grinding me, and the more wicked,alteration in the MS historical collation and low-down and ornery I got to feeling. And at last, when it hit me all of a sudden that here was the plain hand of Providence slapping me in the face and letting me knowemendation my wickedness was being watched all [begin page 269] the time from up there in heaven, whilst I was stealing a poor old woman’s nigger that hadn’t ever done me noalteration in the MS harm, and now was showing meemendation there’salteration in the MS One that’s always on the lookout, and ain’t agoing to allow no such miserable doings to go only justalteration in the MS soalteration in the MS furemendation and no further, I most dropped in my tracks I was so scared. Well, I tried the best I could to kinder soften it up somehow for myself, by saying I was brungemendation up wicked, and so I warn’t so much to blame; but something inside of me kept saying, “There was the Sunday Schoolhistorical collation, you could a gone to it; and if you’d a done it they’d a learntemendation you, therealteration in the MS, that people that acts as I’d been acting about that nigger goes to everlasting fire.”

It made me shiver. And I about made up my mind to pray; and see if I couldn’t try to quit being the kind of a boy I was, and be better. So I kneeled down. But the words wouldn’t come. Why wouldn’t they? It warn’t no use to try andemendation hide it from Him. Nor from me, neither. I knowed very well why they wouldn’t come. It was because my heart warn’t right; it was because I warn’t square; ithistorical collation was because I was playing double. I was letting on to give up sin, but away inside of me I was holding on to the biggest one of all. I was trying to make my mouth say I would do the right thing and the clean thing, and go and write to that nigger’s owner and tell where he was; but deep down in me I knowed it was a lie—and He knowed it. You can’t pray a lie—I found that out.

So I was full of trouble, full as I could be; and didn’t know what to do. At last I had an idea; and I says, I’ll go and write the letter—and then see if I can pray. Why, it was astonishing, the way I felt as light as a feather, right straight off, and my troubles all gone. So I got a piece of paper and a pencil, all glad and excitedalteration in the MS, and set down and wrote:emendation

Miss Watsonemendation your runawayemendation nigger Jimalteration in the MS is down here two mile below Pikesvilleemendation and Mr. Phelps has got himemendation and he will give him up for the reward if you send. Huck Finn.textual note emendation

I felt good and all washed clean of sin for the first time I had ever felt so in my life, and I knowed I could pray,historical collation now. But I didn’t do it straight off, but laid the paper down and set there thinking;alteration in the MS thinkinghistorical collation how good it was all this happened so, and how near I come to being lost and going to hell. And went on thinking. And got to thinking [begin page 270] over our trip down the river; and I seealteration in the MS Jim before me, all the time, in the day, and in the night-timehistorical collation, sometimes moonlightemendation, sometimes storms, and we a floating along, talking, and singing, and laughing.alteration in the MS But somehow I couldn’t seem to strike no places to harden me against him, but only the other kind. I’d see him standing my watch on top of his’n, stead of calling me—historical collationso I could go on sleeping; and see him how glad he was when I come back out of the fog; and when I come to him again in the swamp, up there where the feud was; and such-likealteration in the MS times; and would always call me honey, and pet me, and do everything he could think of for me, and how good he always was; and at last I struck the time I saved him by telling the men we had small-pox aboard, and he was so grateful, and said I was the best friend old Jim ever had in the world, and the only one he’s got now; and then I happened to look around, and see that paper.

thinking.

It was a close place.alteration in the MS I took it up, and held it in my hand. I was a trembling, because I’d got to decide, foreveremendation, betwixt two things, and I knowed it. I studied a minute, sort of holding my breath, and then says to myself:

[begin page 271] “All right, then, I’ll go to hell”—and tore it up.

It was awful thoughts, and awful words, but they was said. And I let them stay said; and never thought no more about reforming. I shoved the whole thing out of my head; and said I would take up wickedness again, which was in my line, being brungemendation up to it, and the other warn’t. And for a starter, I would go to work and steal Jim out of slavery again; and if I could think up anything worse, I would do that, too; because as long as I was in, and in for good, I might as well go the whole hog.

Then I set to thinking over how to getemendation at it, and turned over considerablealteration in the MS many ways in my mind; and at last fixed up a plan that suited me. So thenalteration in the MS I took the bearings of a woodyalteration in the MS island that was down the river a pieceemendation, and as soon as it was fairly dark I crept out with my raft and wentalteration in the MS for it, and hid it there, andalteration in the MS then turned in. I slept the night through, and got up before it was light, and had my breakfast, and put on my storealteration in the MS clothes, and tied up some others and one thing or anotheralteration in the MS in a bundle, and took the canoe and cleared for shore. I landedalteration in the MS below where I judged was Phelps’s place, and hid my bundle in the woods, and then filled up the canoe with water, and loaded rocks into her and sunk her where I could find her again when I wanted her,alteration in the MS about a quarter of a mile below a little steam sawmill that was on the bank.

Then I struck upemendation the road, and when I passed the millalteration in the MS I see a sign on it, “Phelps’s Sawmill,” and when I come to the farm houseshistorical collation, twoalteration in the MS or three hundred yards further along, I kept my eyes peeled, but didn’t see nobodyemendation around, though it was good daylight, now. But I didn’t mind, because I didn’t wantalteration in the MS to see nobody just yet—I only wanted to get the lay of the land. According to my plan, I was going to turn up there from the village, not from below. So I just took a look, and shoved along, straight for town. Wellemendation, the very first man I see, when I got there, was the duke. He was sticking up a bill for the Royal Nonesuchemendation—three-night performance,historical collation like that other time. They had the cheek, them frauds! I was right on him, before I could shirk. He lookedalteration in the MS astonished, and says:

“Hel-lo! Where’d you come from?” Then he says, kind of glad,historical collation and eager, “Where’s the raft?—got her in a good place?”alteration in the MS

I says:

“Why, that’s just what I was agoing to ask your grace.”

[begin page 272] Then he didn’t look so joyful—and says:

“What was your idea for askingemendation me?” he says.

“Well,” I says, “when I see the king in that doggery,emendation yesterday, I says to myself, we can’t get him home for hours, till he’s soberer; so I went a loafing around town to put in the time, and wait. A man up andemendation offered me ten cents to help him pull a skiff over the river and back to fetch a sheep, and so I went along; but when we was dragging him to the boat, and the man left me aholt of the rope and went behind him to shove him along, he was too strong for me, and jerked loose and run, and we after him. We didn’t have no dog, and so we had to chase him all over the country till we tired him out. We never got him till dark, then we fetched him over,alteration in the MS and I started down for the raft. When I got there and see it was gone, I says to myself, They’vehistorical collation got into trouble and had to leave; and they’ve took my nigger, which is the only nigger I’ve got in the world, and now I’m in a strange country, and ain’t got no property no more, nor nothing, and no way to make my living;’alteration in the MS so I set down and cried. I slept in the woods all night.alteration in the MS But what did become of the raft,historical collation then?alteration in the MS—and Jim, poor Jim!”alteration in the MS

“Blamed if I know—that is, what’s become of the raft. That old fool had made a trade and got forty dollars, and when we found him in the doggery,emendation the loafersemendation had matched half dollars with him and got every cent but what he’d spent for whisky; and when I got him home late last night and found the raft gone, we saidemendation, ‘Thatalteration in the MS little rascal has stole our raft and shook us, and run off down the river.’ ”

“I wouldn’t shake my nigger alteration in the MS, would I?—the only nigger I had in the world, and the only property.”

We neveralteration in the MS thought of that. Fact is, I reckon we’d come to consider him our nigger; yes, we did consider him so—goodness knows we hademendation trouble enough for him. So,historical collation when we see the raft was gone, and we flat brokeemendation, there warn’t anythingemendation for it but to try the Royal Nonesuchemendation another shake. And I’ve pegged along ever since, dryalteration in the MS as a powder hornhistorical collation. Where’s that ten cents?emendation Give it hereemendation.”

I had considerableemendation money, so I give him ten cents, but begged him to spend it for something to eat, and give me some, becauseemendation it was all the money I had, and I hadn’t had nothing to eat since yesterday. He never said nothing. Theemendation next minute he whirls on me and says:

[begin page 273] “Do you reckon that nigger wouldemendation blow on us? We’dalteration in the MS skinemendation him if he done that!”

“How can he blow?alteration in the MS Hain’t he run off?”

“No! That old fool sold him, and never divided with me, and the money’s gone.”

Sold him?” I says, and begun to cry:historical collationWhyhistorical collation, he was my nigger, and that was my money. Where is he?—I want my nigger.”

he gave him ten cents.

“Well, you can’t get your nigger, that’s all—so dry up your blubbering.alteration in the MS Looky-herehistorical collation—do you think you’d venture to blow on us? Blamed if I think I’d trust you. Why,alteration in the MS if you was to blow on us—historical collation

He stopped, but I never see the duke look so uglyalteration in the MS out of his eyes before. I went on a-whimpering, and says:

“I don’t wantemendation to blow on nobody;alteration in the MS and I ain’t got no time to blow, nohow. I got to turn out and find my nigger.”

[begin page 274] He looked kinder bothered, and stood there with his billsalteration in the MS fluttering on his arm, thinking, and wrinkling upemendation his forehead. At last he says:

“I’ll tell you something. We got to be here three days. If you’ll promise you won’t blow, and won’t let the nigger blow, I’ll tell you where to find him.”

So I promised, and he says:

“A farmer by the name of Silasalteration in the MS Ph—historical collation” and then he stopped. You see,historical collation he started to tell me the truth; but when he stopped, that way, and begun to study and think,historical collation again, I reckoned he was changing his mind. And so he was. He wouldn’t trust me; he wanted to make sure of having me out of the way the whole three days. So pretty soon he says:alteration in the MS

“Thehistorical collation textual note man that bought him is named Abram Foster—Abram G. Foster—and he lives forty mile back here in the country, on the road to Lafayetteexplanatory note.”

“All right,” I says, “I can walk it in threealteration in the MS days. And I’ll start this very afternoon.”

[begin page 73] “No you won’t, you’ll start now; and don’t you lose anyemendation time about it, neither, nor do any gabbling by the way. Just keep a tight tongue in your head and move right along, and then you won’t get intoemendation trouble with us,alteration in the MS d’ye hear?”

That was the order I wanted, and that was the one I played for. I wanted to be left free to work my plans.

“So clear out,” he says; “and you can tell Mr. Fosteralteration in the MS whatever you want to. Maybe you can get him to believe thatemendation Jim is your nigger—some idiots don’t requireemendation documents—leastways I’ve heard there’s such down South here. And when youalteration in the MS tell him the handbill and the reward’s bogus, maybe he’ll believe you when you explain to him what the idea was for getting ’emalteration in the MS out. Go ’long, now, and tell him anything you wantalteration in the MS to; but mind you don’t work your jaw any between here and there.”

So I left, and struck for the back country. I didn’t look around, but I kinder felt like he was watching me. But I knowedalteration in the MS I could tire him outalteration in the MS at that. I went straight out in the country as much as a mile, before I stopped; then I doubled back through the woods towards Phelps’s. I reckoned I better start in on my plan straight off, without [begin page 275] fooling around, because I wanted to stop Jim’s mouth till these fellows could get away. I didn’t want no trouble with their kind. I’d seen all I wanted to of them, and wanted to get entirely shut of them.

striking for the back country.
Historical Collation Chapter XXXI.
  change (MS2)  ●  change, (A) 
  counterfeit money (MS2)  ●  counterfeit-money (A) 
  by and by (MS2)  ●  by-and-by (A) 
  shout, (MS2)  ●  shout  (A) 
  south (MS2)  ●  South (A) 
  enough: (MS2)  ●  enough; (A) 
  I’d (MS2)  ●  I’d  (A) 
  No-sir-ree-bob  (MS2)  ●  No-sirree-bob  (A) 
  thought, (MS2)  ●  thought  (A) 
  wicked, (MS2)  ●  wicked  (A) 
  School (MS2)  ●  school (A) 
  square; it (MS2)  ●  square; is (A) 
  pray, (MS2)  ●  pray  (A) 
  thinking; thinking (MS2)  ●  thinking—thinking (A) 
  night-time (MS2)  ●  night- | time (A) 
  me— (MS2)  ●  me, (A) 
  farm houses (MS2)  ●  farm-houses (A) 
  performance, (MS2)  ●  performance— (A) 
  glad, (MS2)  ●  glad  (A) 
  They’ve (MS2)  ●  they’ve (A) 
  raft, (MS2)  ●  raft  (A) 
  So, (MS2)  ●  So  (A) 
  powder horn (MS2)  ●  powder- | horn (A) 
  cry: (MS2)  ●  cry; (A) 
  Why (MS2)  ●  why (A) 
  Looky-here (MS2)  ●  Looky here (A) 
  us— (MS2)  ●  us—— (A) 
  Ph— (MS2)  ●  Ph—— (A) 
  see, (MS2)  ●  see  (A) 
  think, (MS2)  ●  think  (A) 
  [¶] “The (MS2)  ●  no “The (A) 
Editorial Emendations Chapter XXXI.
  Chapter XXXI. (A)  ●  not in; chapter sink (MS2) 
  mesmerizering (A)  ●  mesmerising (MS2) 
  they (A)  ●  that they (MS2) 
  if (A)  ●  that if (MS2) 
  Pikesville (A)  ●  Pikeville (MS2) 
  Royal Nonesuch (A)  ●  Burning Shame (MS2) 
  warn’t (A)  ●  wasn’t (MS2) 
  midday (A)  ●  mid- || day (MS2) 
  anyway (A)  ●  any- | way (MS2) 
  me and the duke (A)  ●  the duke and me (MS2) 
  he (A)  ●  not in  (MS2) 
  spun (A)  ●  shinned it (MS2) 
  wigwam (A)  ●  wig- | wam (MS2) 
  Wherebouts (A)  ●  Where (MS2) 
  looking (A)  ●  lookin’ (MS2) 
  fellow (A)  ●  feller (MS2) 
  handbill (A)  ●  hand- | bill (MS2) 
  frum (A)  ●  from (MS2) 
  Newrleans  (A)  ●  Newr- |  leans  (MS2) 
  to (A)  ●  not in  (MS2) 
  was (A)  ●  was just (MS2) 
  exactly (A)  ●  exackly (MS2) 
  studied (A)  ●  thought (MS2) 
  went (A)  ●  got (MS2) 
  know (A)  ●  know that (MS2) 
  me (A)  ●  me that (MS2) 
  fur (A)  ●  far (MS2) 
  brung (A)  ●  brought (MS2) 
  learnt (A)  ●  learned (MS2) 
  and (A)  ●  to (MS2) 
  wrote: extra line space  (C)  ●  wrote: no extra line space  (MS2 A) 
  Miss Watson (A)  ●  Miss Watson, (MS2) 
  runaway (A)  ●  run- | away (MS2) 
  Pikesville (A)  ●  Pikesville, (MS2) 
  got him (A)  ●  got him, (MS2) 
  Finn. extra line space  (A)  ●  Finn. no extra line space  (MS2) 
  moonlight (A)  ●  moon- | light (MS2) 
  forever (A)  ●  once and forever (MS2) 
  brung (A)  ●  brought (MS2) 
  get (A)  ●  go (MS2) 
  a piece (A)  ●  apiece (MS2) 
  up (A)  ●  up to (MS2) 
  nobody (A)  ●  anybody (MS2) 
  Well (A)  ●  Well, sir (MS2) 
  Royal Nonesuch (A)  ●  Burning Shame (MS2) 
  asking (A)  ●  askin’ (MS2) 
  doggery, (C)  ●  gin-mill, (MS2)  doggery (A) 
  up and (A)  ●  not in  (MS2) 
  doggery, (C)  ●  gin-mill, (MS2)  doggery (A) 
  the loafers (A)  ●  them loafers (MS2) 
  said (A)  ●  says (MS2) 
  had (A)  ●  had took (MS2) 
  flat broke (A)  ●  busted (MS2) 
  anything (A)  ●  nothing (MS2) 
  Royal Nonesuch (A)  ●  Burning Shame (MS2) 
  cents? (A)  ●  cents. (MS2) 
  here (A)  ●  to me (MS2) 
  considerable (A)  ●  not in  (MS2) 
  because (A)  ●  because I said (MS2) 
  The (A)  ●  Then (MS2) 
  nigger would (A)  ●  nigger’ll (MS2) 
  skin (A)  ●  kill (MS2) 
  want (A)  ●  wish (MS2) 
  up (A)  ●  not in  (MS2) 
  any (A)  ●  no (MS2) 
  into (A)  ●  into no (MS2) 
  that (A)  ●  not in  (MS2) 
  require (A)  ●  require no (MS2) 
Alterations in the Manuscript Chapter XXXI.
 days and] interlined following canceled ‘four or five’.
 it] interlined.
 growing,] the comma altered from a semicolon.
 know] follows canceled ‘no’.
 yellocute] originally ‘yellow’; ‘cute’ written over wiped-out ‘w’.
 floated] originally ‘floatin’; ‘ed’ written over ‘in’.
 hours] interlined above canceled ‘hours’.
 named Pikesville,] the MS reads ‘named Pikeville,’ (emended); interlined.
 got any] follows canceled ‘hear’.
 (“House . . . wondering.”)] added on the verso of the MS page with instructions to turn over.
 come] interlined above canceled ‘rush’, which follows canceled ‘come’.
 you’ll] follows canceled ‘I reckon’.
 So we staid where we] written at the top of MS page 429. [begin page 1086] Mark Twain had begun another MS page 429 with the same words, but wiped out the page number and [¶] ‘So . . . where we’. He later used the verso for the MS page presently numbered 448 (‘I took . . . there, and’, 271.12–14). The page number of the canceled page 429 had originally been 439. Mark Twain wrote a 2 over the original 3.
 was in] follows canceled ‘scolded’.
 thing. Something . . . sure.] the period following ‘thing’ altered from a semicolon; ‘Something . . . sure.’ interlined to replace canceled ‘and he even cussed Jim for being a fool and keeping his blue paint and King Leer clothes on, and made him take them off and wash himself off; and yet it warn’t no fault of Jim’s, for nobody hadn’t ever told him he might do it.’
 anyway—and . . . of it.] originally ‘anyway.’; ‘—and . . . of it.’ interlined; two periods inadvertently left standing.
 me and the duke] the MS reads ‘the duke and me’ (emended); ‘duke and’ written over wiped-out ‘duke and’.
 do] interlined.
 up my mind] follows canceled ‘up their minds that’.
 all] written over wiped-out ‘all’.
 up] interlined above canceled ‘to the chin’.
 Whereabouts?] the MS reads ‘Where?’ (emended); the question mark mended from a comma.
 to] interlined above canceled ‘at’.
 here.] followed by a canceled end-line dash.
 looking] the MS reads ‘lookin’’ (emended); originally ‘looking’; the apostrophe written over wiped-out ‘g’.
 about] interlined.
 he] interlined.
 f’m] originally ‘fum’; the apostrophe interlined above canceled ‘u’.
 could] written over wiped-out ‘had’.
 it] interlined.
 No-sir-ree-bob] originally ‘No-sirree-bob’; a hyphen interlined between ‘sir’ and ‘ree’.
 no] interlined.
 you.] the period replaces a wiped-out dash.
 Say, gimme] ‘Say,’ interlined; ‘G’ of MS ‘Gimme’ not reduced to ‘g’.
 tobacker,] the comma mended from a period.
 to the raft] follows canceled ‘in the wood’.
 till I wore] interlined; the preceding comma added.
 we’d] follows canceled ‘the’.
 to] interlined.
 to serve] follows canceled ‘to be mean enough’.
 too,] interlined; the preceding comma added.
 to myself] interlined.
 helped] follows canceled ‘had’.
 wicked,] interlined above canceled ‘bad,’.
 no] interlined above canceled ‘any’.
 me there’s] the MS reads ‘me that there’s’ (emended); originally ‘me that’s always’; ‘ ’s’ canceled, and ‘th’ interlined; then ‘th’ and ‘always’ canceled.
 just] written over ‘s’.
 so] written over what may be a wiped-out ‘it’.
 there] originally ‘tha’; ‘ere’ written over ‘a’.
 It made . . . So then] written on seven MS pages, numbered 441–47, that were apparently inserted here. The inserted MS pages probably replace four now missing MS pages discarded when Mark Twain revised his manuscript. See the entry at 271.12–36.
 excited] follows canceled ‘trem’.
 Jim] interlined.
 thinking;] the semicolon written over a wiped-out period or comma.
 and I see] follows canceled ‘but’.
 and singing, and laughing.] originally ‘and glad.’; ‘laughing.’ interlined above canceled ‘glad.’; then ‘and’ canceled and ‘and singing, and’ added to the interlineation.
 such-like] ‘such’ written over wiped-out ‘w’.
 place.] the period replaces a canceled semicolon and canceled ‘it was’.
 considerable] written over what appears to be wiped-out ‘and’.
 I took . . . place?”] written on four MS pages, originally numbered 445–48, that were renumbered 448, 448-A, 448-B, 448-C to follow a number of MS pages that were inserted to precede this passage. The inserted pages apparently replace a number of now missing MS pages, discarded when Mark Twain revised his MS (see the entry at 269.12–271.12). Although the evidence is not entirely conclusive, it appears that Mark Twain may have discarded as many as four MS pages (his original MS 441–44), and replaced them with the present pages 441–47 (‘It made . . . So then’, 269.12–271.12). The present page 441 begins a new paragraph, and an episode that Mark Twain may well have reworked; his handwriting seems to change subtly between MS pages 440 and 441. In addition, on the present pages 441–47, often Mark Twain seems to leave less space than usual between lines, as if he were at least partly copying something written previously and trying to fit as much as possible on the page. The writing on the present page 447 ends halfway down the page and the following page numbers are altered to follow 447. At the top of MS page 448 above ‘I took’, Mark Twain canceled the following passage: ‘for, and longing for, and pining for, always, day and night and Sundays, was a career of [begin page 1088] crime. And just that thing was the thing I was a-starting in on, now, for good and all. [¶] When I got my plan fixed,’; ‘thing was’ follows canceled ‘very’.
 woody] written over wiped-out ‘wod’.
 and went] written over wiped-out ‘and w’.
 and went . . . there, and] followed by canceled ‘then come back in the canoe, and hid the canoe in a new place. Then I went to where the raft used to was, and set down and waited.’ Mark Twain began his cancellation with a line that would have included ‘and went . . . there, and’, but wiped out that portion of the line and canceled only the cited passage.
 my store] interlined above canceled ‘some old rough’.
 others . . . another] interlined following canceled ‘traps’.
 landed] written over what appears to be wiped-out ‘fou’.
 her,] the comma mended from a period.
 mill] originally ‘sawmill’; ‘saw’ canceled.
 two] written over wiped-out ‘a’.
 want] interlined above canceled ‘wish’.
 looked] written over wiped-out ‘say’.
 over,] the comma replaces what appears to be a wiped-out semicolon.
 ‘They’ve . . . living;’] the single quotation marks mended from double quotation marks.
 I slept . . . night.] interlined.
 then?] the question mark possibly squeezed in.
 Jim!”] originally ‘Jim?” ’; the exclamation point written over the question mark.
 ‘That] the single quotation mark mended from double quotation marks.
  nigger] originally ‘nigger’; the underline apparently added.
 We never] written over wiped-out ‘I never’.
 dry] follows canceled ‘without a’.
 We’d] interlined above canceled ‘I’d’.
 blow?] followed by a canceled end-line dash.
 blubbering.] followed by canceled quotation marks.
 Why,] interlined above canceled ‘By George,’.
 ugly] interlined above canceled ‘wicked’.
 nobody;] the semicolon possibly mended from a period.
 his bills] written over wiped-out ‘one o’.
 and he says: [¶] “A farmer . . . says:] ‘and he says:’ followed by a canceled caret; [¶] ‘ “A farmer . . . says:’ added on the verso of the MS page with instructions to turn over.
 Silas] interlined.
 three] interlined above canceled ‘two’.
  us,] interlined above canceled ‘me,’.
 Foster] written over wiped-out ‘Abr’.
 you] follows canceled ‘he’.
 ’em] interlined above canceled ‘them’.
 want] originally ‘want’; the underline canceled.
 knowed] follows canceled ‘judged’.
 out] possibly added.
Textual Notes Chapter XXXI.
 frum] As in the first edition. Although it is possible that the first edition reading, a unique form, is a corruption of the manuscript’s “from”, it is adopted as an authorial revision on the analogy of other eye-dialect changes in the manuscript and first edition (such as “wuz” for “was” and “becuz” for “because”). Only two characters deviate from the standard “from”: Boggs and the boy. The boy, who seems to speak a modified variety of the Pike dialect, uses two forms of the word, each with different emphasis: “He run off f’m down south” (267.14) and “It tells all about him . . . and tells the plantation he’s frum” (268.8–9).
 Miss . . . Finn.] In the top left corner of the manuscript page, above the text of Huck’s letter to Miss Watson, Mark Twain wrote directions to the printer, “This ¶ in small type”, calling for a common convention for extract type. These instructions were presumably repeated in the typescript as they were carried out in the first edition (the extract is here styled to accord with the specifications of this edition). He evidently continued to work on the text of the letter on the typescript or in proof. Three commas that appear in the manuscript (following “Miss Watson,” “Pikesville,” and “got him,”) are absent in the first edition. It is clear both from the nature of the alteration (away from conventional punctuation to a more characteristic, run-on style) and from its effect (the absence of any pause as Huck sets down his letter in a rush) that the author was responsible for the change. The first edition reading is therefore adopted.
 “The] As in the manuscript, where, unlike the first edition, it begins a new paragraph. The manuscript is easily misread, however. In order to show placement of the preceding paragraph, which he added on the verso of the page, Mark Twain wrote his direction “OVER” in the space immediately preceding ‘ “The’, filling the line. Most likely, the typist misread the author’s intentions, and typed the paragraph to run on, which accounts for the reading of the first edition.
Explanatory Notes Chapter XXXI.
 trees with Spanish moss on them . . . first I ever see it] According to the standard river guides of the period, the growth of Spanish moss (Tillandsia usneoides) began at Spanish Moss Bend, near Columbia, Arkansas (Cramer, 146, 178, 267; Conclin, 96, 98; Samuel Cummings, 105; James, 11, 38; see the note to 204.15–16).
 a shabby village, named Pikesville . . . Silas Phelps’s place, two mile below here] In Huckleberry Finn Mark Twain does not name the state in which the fictional Pikesville is located, but in other works written between 1884 and 1902, he places the Phelps farm in southern Arkansas, a location supported by references in the working notes to Huckleberry Finn (Mark Twain’s Working Notes, working notes 3-4 and 3-6, pp. 505 and 507; “Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer among the Indians” and “Tom Sawyer’s Conspiracy” in Inds , 33, 197; “Tom Sawyer, Detective” in TSA , 107,112; SLC 1897–98, 37; Ensor, 7). Mark Twain apparently had no actual prototype for Pikesville, and no exact geographical equivalent in southern Arkansas can be determined. Several scholars have nonetheless attempted to determine its location and have noted that if the identification of the Wilkses’ village with the vicinity of Columbia, Arkansas, or Greenville, Mississippi, is correct (see the note to 204.15–16), and the raft floats south from there to Pikesville for many days, it should progress well beyond Arkansas into Louisiana (Budd 1959, 234–35; Marx 1967, xli, 324n; Miller, 202–3; Hoag; Sherwood Cummings 1991, 440–47; Rasmussen, 356).
 forty mile back here in the country, on the road to Lafayette] Lafayette, like almost all places named in the book, may be fictional. Or it may be Lafayette County, Arkansas, in the southwestern part of the state, about 135 miles away from Mark Twain’s intended location for the Phelps farm in southern Arkansas. Despite Mark Twain’s persistent identification of Pikesville with southern Arkansas (see the previous note), one scholar has suggested that it was based on Point Coupee, Louisiana, about 175 miles upriver from New Orleans and 1100 miles south of Hannibal—a location consistent with Aunt Polly’s statement in chapter 42 (see the note to 358.33–34)—and that the “road to Lafayette” is one that connects Point Coupee to Lafayette Parish, 60 miles away (Sherwood Cummings 1991, 443–47).