Explanatory Notes
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Apparatus Notes
See Headnotes
Chapter III.
[begin page 13]
miss watson’s lecture.
Click the thumbnail to see the illustrated chapter heading
Chapter III.emendation

Well, I got a good going-over in the morning, from old Miss Watson, on account of my clothes; but the widow she didn’t scold, but only cleaned off the grease and clay and looked so sorry that I thought I would behave a while if I could. Then Miss Watson she took me in the closetalteration in the MS and prayedexplanatory note, but nothing come of it. She told me to pray every day, and whatever I asked for I would get itexplanatory note. But it warn’t soalteration in the MS. I tried it. Once I got a fish-line, but no hooks. It warn’t any good to me withoutalteration in the MS hooks. I tried for the hooks three or four times, but somehow I couldn’t make it work.alteration in the MS By and byhistorical collation, one day, I asked Miss Watson to try for me, but she said I was a fool. She never told me why, and I couldn’t make it out no way.

Iemendation set down, one time, back in the woods, and had a long think about it. I says to myself, if a body canalteration in the MS get anything they pray for, why don’t deaconhistorical collation Winn get back the moneyemendation he lost on pork? whyhistorical collation can’t the widow get back her silver snuff boxhistorical collation that was stole? whyhistorical collation can’t Miss Watson fat up? No, says I to myself, there ain’t nothing in it. It stands to reason there ain’t nothing in it.textual note historical collation I went and told the widow about it, and she saidalteration in the MS emendation the thing aalteration in the MS body could get by praying for it was “spiritualalteration in the MS gifts.” This was too many for me, but she toldalteration in the MS me what she meant—I must helpalteration in the MS other people, and do everything I could for other people, and look out for them all the time, and never think about myself. This was including Miss Watson, as I took it. I went out in the woods and turned it over in my mind a long time, but I couldn’t see no advantage about it—except for the other [begin page 14] people—so at last I reckoned I wouldn’t worry about it anyemendation more, but just let it go.alteration in the MS Sometimes the widow would takealteration in the MS me one sidealteration in the MS and talk about Providence in a way to make a body’s mouth water; but maybe next day Miss Watson would take hold and knock it all down again. I judged I could see thatalteration in the MS there was two Providences, and a poor chap would stand considerable show with the widow’s Providence,alteration in the MS but if Miss Watson’s got him there warn’t no help for him any more.alteration in the MS I thought it all out, and reckoned I would belong to the widow’s, if he wantedalteration in the MS me, though I couldn’t make out how healteration in the MS emendation was agoingemendation textual note to be any better off thenemendation than what heemendation was before, seeing I was so ignorant and so kind of low-down and ornery.

Pap he hadn’t beenalteration in the MS seen for more thanalteration in the MS a year, and that was comfortable for me; I didn’t want to see him no more. He used to always whale me when he was sober and could get his hands on me; though I used to take to the woods most of the time when he was around. Well, about this time he was found in the river drowndedhistorical collation, about twelve mile above town, so people said. They judged it was him, anyway; said this drowndedalteration in the MS historical collation man was just his size, and was ragged,alteration in the MS and had uncommonalteration in the MS long hair—which was all like papemendation textual note—but they couldn’t make nothing out of the face, because it had been in the water so long it warn’t much like a face at all. They said he was floatingalteration in the MS on his back in the water. They took him and buried him on the bank. But I warn’t comfortable long, because I happened to think of something. I knowed mighty well that a drownded man don’t floatemendation on his back, butemendation on his faceexplanatory note. Soemendation I knowed, then, that this warn’t papemendation, but a woman dressed up in a man’s clothes. So I was uncomfortablealteration in the MS again. I judged the old man would turn up again by and byhistorical collation, though I wished he wouldn’t.

the robbers dispersed.

We played robber now and then about a month, and then I resigned.alteration in the MS All the boys did. We hadn’t robbed nobody, we hadn’t killed any people, but only just pretended. We used to hop out of the woods and go chargingalteration in the MS down on hog-drovers and womenalteration in the MS in carts taking garden stuff to market, but we never hived any of them. Tom Sawyer called the hogs “ingots,” and he called the turnips and stuff “julery,historical collation” and we would go to the cave and pow-wow over what we hadalteration in the MS done and how many people we had killed and marked. But I couldn’t see no profit in it. One time Tom sent a boy to run about town with a blazing stick, which he called a sloganemendation explanatory note (which was the sign for the [begin page 15] Gang to get together)historical collation and then he said he had got secret news by his spies that next day a whole parcel of Spanish merchants and rich A-rabs was going to camp in Cave Hollowexplanatory note with two hundred elephants, and six hundred camels, and over a thousand “sumter” mulesexplanatory note, all loaded down with di’monds, and they didn’t have only a guard of four hundred soldiers, and so we would lay in ambuscadeemendation, as he called it, and kill the lot and scoop the things. He said we must slickalteration in the MS up our swords and guns, and get ready. He never could go afteralteration in the MS even a turnip carthistorical collation but he must have thealteration in the MS swords and guns all scouredalteration in the MS up for it; though they was only lathemendation and broomstickshistorical collation, and you might scouralteration in the MS at them till you rotted and then they warn’t worth a mouthful of ashes more thanalteration in the MS what they was before. I didn’t believe we could lick such a crowd ofalteration in the MS Spaniards and A-rabs, but I wanted to see the camels and elephantsemendation, so I was on hand nextalteration in the MS day, Saturday,alteration in the MS in the ambuscade; and when we got the word, we rushed out of the woods and down the hill. But there warn’t noalteration in the MS Spaniards and A-rabs, and there warn’t no camels noralteration in the MS no elephants. It warn’t anything but a Sunday Schoolhistorical collation picnicemendation,alteration in the MS and only a primer-class at that. We busted it up, and chased the children up the Hollowhistorical collation; but we never got anything but some doughnuts and jam, though Ben Rogers got a ragalteration in the MS doll, and Joalteration in the MS Harper got a hymn-book and a tract; and then the teacher charged in andalteration in the MS made us drop everything and cut. I didn’t see no dimondshistorical collation, and I told Tom Sawyer so. He said there was loadsalteration in the MS of them there, anyway; and he said there was A-rabs there, too, and elephants and things. I said, why couldn’t we see them, then? He said if I warn’t so ignorant, but had read a book called “Don Quixote,”emendation I would know without asking. He said it was all done by enchantment. He said there was [begin page 16] hundreds of soldiers there, and elephants,historical collation and treasure, and so on, but we had enemies which he called magicians, and they had turned the whole thingalteration in the MS into an infant Sunday School—historical collationjust out of spitealteration in the MS explanatory note. I said, all right,emendation then the thing foralteration in the MS us to do was to go for the magicians.textual note Tom Sawyer said I was a numscullhistorical collation.alteration in the MS

“Why,” saysemendation he, “a magician could call up a lot of genies, and they would hash you up like nothing,alteration in the MS historical collation before you could say Jack Robinsonexplanatory note.alteration in the MS They are as tall as a tree and as big around as a church.”

“Well,” I saysemendation, “s’poseemendation we gotemendation some genies to help us—can’t we lickalteration in the MS emendation the other crowd then?”

“How you going to get them?”

“I don’t know. How do they get them?”

“Why they rub an old tin lampexplanatory note or an iron ring, and then the genies come tearingalteration in the MS in, with the thunder and lightning a-ripping around and the smoke a-rolling, and everything they’re told to do they up andalteration in the MS do it. Theyemendation don’t think nothing of pulling a shot tower up by the rootshistorical collation and belting a Sunday Schoolhistorical collation superintendenttextual note over the head with it—or any other man.”

“Who makes them tear around so?”

“Why, whoever rubs the lamp or the ring. They belong to whoever rubs the lamp or the ring, and they’ve got to do whatever he says. If he tells them to build a palace forty miles long, out of dimondshistorical collation, and fill it full of chewing gumexplanatory note, or whatever you want, and fetch an emperor’s daughter from China for you to marry, they’ve got to do it—and they’ve got to do it before sun-up next morning, too. And more—they’ve got to waltz that palace around over the country wherever you want it, you understand.”

“Well,” says I, “I think they are a pack of flatheadsalteration in the MS for not keeping the palaceemendation themselves ’stead of fooling them away like that. And what’s more—if I was one of themalteration in the MS I would see a man in Jericho before I would dropalteration in the MS my business and come to him for the rubbing of an old tin lamp.”

“How you talk, Huck Finn. Why, you’d have to come when he rubbed it, whether you wanted to or not.”

“What, and I as high as a tree and as big as a church? All right, then; I would come; but I lay I’d make that man climb the highest tree there was in the countrytextual note.”

[begin page 17] “Shucks, it ain’t no use to talk to you, Huck Finn. You don’t seem to know anything, somehow—perfect sap-head.”

I thought all this over for two or three days, and then I reckonedemendation I would see if there was anything in it. I got an old tin lamp and an iron ring and went out in the woods and rubbed and rubbed till I sweat like an Injunexplanatory note,alteration in the MS calculating to build a palace and sell it; but it warn’t no use, none of the genies come.alteration in the MS So then I judgedalteration in the MS that all that stuff was only just one of Tom Sawyer’s lies. I reckoned he believed in the A-rabs and the elephants, but as for me I think different. Itemendation had all the marks of a Sunday school.

rubbing the lamp.

Historical Collation Chapter III.
  By and by (MS1a)  ●  By-and-by (A) 
  deacon (MS1a)  ●  Deacon (A) 
  pork? why (MS1a)  ●  pork? Why (A) 
  snuff box (MS1a)  ●  snuff-box (A) 
  why (MS1a)  ●  Why (A) 
  It . . . it. (MS1a)  ●  not in  (A) 
  drownded (MS1a)  ●  drowned (A) 
  drownded (MS1a)  ●  drowned (A) 
  by and by (MS1a)  ●  by-and-by (A) 
  julery, (MS1a)  ●  julery  (A) 
  together) (MS1a)  ●  together), (A) 
  turnip cart (MS1a)  ●  turnip-cart (A) 
  broomsticks (MS1a)  ●  broom-sticks (A) 
  Sunday School (MS1a)  ●  Sunday-school (A) 
  Hollow (MS1a)  ●  hollow (A) 
  dimonds (MS1a)  ●  di’monds (A) 
  elephants, (MS1a)  ●  elephants  (A) 
  School— (MS1a)  ●  school, (A) 
  numscull (MS1a)  ●  numskull (A) 
  nothing, (MS1a)  ●  nothing  (A) 
  roots (MS1a)  ●  roots, (A) 
  Sunday School (MS1a)  ●  Sunday-school (A) 
  dimonds (MS1a)  ●  di’monds (A) 
Editorial Emendations Chapter III.
  Chapter III. (A)  ●  CHAP. 3. (MS1a) 
  way. [¶] I (A)  ●  way.— |  [¶] I (MS1a) 
  money (A)  ●  money that (MS1a) 
  said (A)  ●  said that (MS1a) 
  any (A)  ●  no (MS1a) 
  how he (A)  ●  how He (MS1a) 
  agoing (A)  ●  a-going (MS1a) 
  then (A)  ●  not in  (MS1a) 
  what he (A)  ●  what He (MS1a) 
  pap (A)  ●  Pap (MS1a) 
  float (A)  ●  ever float (MS1a) 
  but (A)  ●  but always (MS1a) 
  So (A)  ●  not in  (MS1a) 
  pap (A)  ●  Pap (MS1a) 
  stick, . . . slogan (A)  ●  stick (MS1a) 
  ambuscade (A)  ●  abuscade (MS1a) 
  lath (A)  ●  laths (MS1a) 
  elephants (A)  ●  the elephants (MS1a) 
  picnic (A)  ●  pic- | nic (MS1a) 
  “Don Quixote,” (A)  ●  Don Quixotte, (MS1a) 
  right, (A)  ●  right; (MS1a) 
  says (A)  ●  said (MS1a) 
  says (A)  ●  said (MS1a) 
  s’pose (A)  ●  suppose (MS1a) 
  got (A)  ●  get (MS1a) 
  lick (A)  ●  thrash (MS1a) 
  They (A)  ●  They  (MS1a) 
  palace (A)  ●  palaces (MS1a) 
  reckoned (A)  ●  reckon (MS1a) 
  different. It (A)  ●  different.— |  It (MS1a) 
Alterations in the Manuscript Chapter III.
 closet] originally ‘closed’; ‘t’ written over ‘d’.
 so] follows canceled ‘s’.
 without] originally ‘witt’; ‘h’ written over second ‘t’ and ‘out’ added.
 it work.] interlined above canceled ‘the trip.’
 can] follows canceled ‘cou’.
 and she said] interlined.
 a] follows canceled ‘abo’ with the ‘o’ partly formed.
 spiritual] followed by canceled closing quotation marks.
 told] follows canceled ‘explained’.
 help] follows canceled ‘think about other people, and’.
 just let it go.] interlined above canceled ‘tackle something else.’
 take] follows canceled ‘get’.
 side] written over partly formed ‘n’ or ‘m’.
 I could see that] interlined.
 widow’s Providence,] originally ‘widow’s,’; the comma canceled and ‘Providence,’ interlined following it.
 got . . . more.] interlined above canceled ‘took him into camp he was a goner’.
 he wanted] ‘he’ interlined in pencil above canceled ‘He’.
 he] the MS reads ‘He’ (emended); originally ‘he’; ‘H’ written over ‘h’.
 been] originally ‘b’; ‘b’ canceled and followed by ‘ben’; ‘ben’ canceled and ‘been’ interlined following it.
 more than] originally ‘more’n’; ‘than’ interlined above canceled ‘ ’n’.
 drownded] originally ‘drowned’; ‘ded’ written over ‘ed’.
 ragged,] followed by canceled ‘and hadn’t no beard,’.
 uncommon] interlined above canceled ‘mighty’.
 floating] originally ‘a-floating’; ‘a-’ canceled.
 uncomfortable] the second ‘o’ written over partly formed ‘t’.
 resigned.] interlined above canceled ‘shook the Gang.’
 charging] originally ‘a-charging’; ‘a-’ canceled.
 women] follows canceled ‘fe’.
 we had] originally ‘we’d’; ‘had’ interlined above canceled ‘ ’d’.
 slick] interlined in pencil following canceled ‘polish’.
 go after] interlined above canceled ‘tackle’.
 the] originally ‘them’; ‘m’ canceled.
 scoured] interlined in pencil above canceled ‘polished’.
 scour] interlined in pencil above canceled ‘polish’.
 more than] originally ‘more’n’; ‘than’ interlined above canceled ‘ ’n’.
 lick such a crowd of] originally ‘lick them’; then ‘lick them’ canceled and ‘whip such a crowd of’ interlined; finally ‘whip’ canceled in pencil and ‘lick’ interlined to replace it.
 next] followed by a wiped-out period.
 Saturday,] interlined.
 no] followed by canceled ‘me’.
 nor] interlined in pencil.
 picnic,] originally ‘pic- | nic. We busted it up,’; ‘nic. We busted it up,’ canceled and followed by ‘nic,’.
 rag] follows canceled ‘h’.
 Jo] originally ‘Joe’; ‘e’ wiped out.
 charged in and] originally ‘skipped in’; ‘charged in and’ interlined in pencil above canceled ‘skipped in’; ‘skipped’ canceled in ink and ‘in’ canceled in pencil.
 loads] follows canceled ‘dead’.
 thing] interlined above canceled ‘caboodle’.
 spite] follows canceled ‘mean’.
 for] originally ‘for’; ‘after’ interlined above canceled ‘for’; ‘for’ interlined preceding ‘after’ canceled in pencil.
 a numscull.] added following canceled ‘a fool.’
 nothing,] interlined following canceled ‘smoke,’.
 Robinson.] followed by a canceled single closing quotation mark.
 lick] the MS reads ‘thrash’ (emended); interlined above canceled ‘lick’.
 tearing] originally ‘a-tearing’; ‘a-’ canceled.
 up and] interlined in pencil above ‘up and’ canceled in ink.
 flatheads] originally ‘chuckle- | heads,’; ‘softies,’ interlined above canceled ‘chuckle- | heads,’; ‘flatheads’ interlined in pencil without a caret to replace ‘softies,’ canceled in pencil.
 them] followed by canceled ‘genies’.
 drop] follows canceled ‘put’.
 Injun,] followed by canceled ‘; but it warn’t’; the comma apparently added; ‘but’ follows what may be a canceled comma.
 none of the genies come.] interlined above canceled ‘I never fetched one of them genies.’
 judged] interlined above canceled ‘knowed’.
Textual Notes Chapter III.
 It stands to reason there ain’t nothing in it.] This sentence does not appear in the first edition, doubtless because the typist copying the manuscript skipped from the last word in “ain’t nothing in it” to the last word in the identical phrase just two lines below the first.
 agoing] As in the first edition. The manuscript reads “a-going”. As a general matter, Mark Twain seems to have developed no settled preference for hyphenated versus unhyphenated forms of words like “a coming” (vs. “a-coming”). He used both forms in his manuscript throughout the seven-year period of composition. Overall, the manuscript shows about 30 percent of such words unhyphenated and 70 percent hyphenated, and the first edition slightly adjusts these percentages to about 40 and 60 percent, respectively. Variants between the manuscript and first edition show no pattern that has been identified as authorial or compositorial. The inconsistent forms appearing in the copy-text are therefore retained throughout, with one exception: “agoing”, which varies between the solid and hyphenated form. The author’s preference for “agoing” over “a-going” is established from the manuscript evidence. Mark Twain wrote “a-going” eight times in MS1a, but only once in MS1b. He wrote “agoing” three times in MS1b, and twenty-two times in MS2. His emerging preference is so consistently [begin page 813] demonstrated in the 1883 manuscript that it seems likely he was responsible for the first edition “agoing” where the manuscript has “a-going”. Presumably he marked the typescript with his preferred form. First edition “agoing” is therefore adopted here and wherever else it occurs (see also the textual note to 21.21).
 pap] The manuscript copy-text reads “Pap”, here emended to lowercase “pap” from the first edition. Clemens’s preference for names like “pap” and “aunt Polly” throughout his manuscript was lowercase, but that preference was for the most part ignored in the first edition, which usually printed the more conventional uppercase. The change here from uppercase in the manuscript to lowercase in the first edition is therefore unusual. Clemens’s consistent preference for lowercase names in his 1883 manuscript is taken to mean that when the reading of the first edition agrees with this preference against the reading of the copy-text, the first edition reading should be adopted as the result of the author’s presumed intervention on the typescript or proofs.
 I said, all right, then the thing for us to do was to go for the magicians.] The comma after “right” is emended from the first edition; the manuscript had a semicolon. The substitution of comma for semicolon is probably Mark Twain’s correction on the typescript or proof. It is a substantive change designed to make clear that what follows the comma is to be understood as part of Huck’s indirect discourse.
 belting a Sunday School superintendent] As in the manuscript and the first edition (ignoring variants in spelling and capitalization). On page 41 of the Tom Sawyer play manuscript, in a section which Mark Twain essentially copied from MS1 or TS1 of Huckleberry Finn, this phrase became “welting a county judge” (CU-MARK). Since Mark Twain completed the play by the end of January 1884, he had time to transfer any such changes to his typescript printer’s copy for Huckleberry Finn ( HH&T , 250). Since he evidently did not do so, this and other changes are regarded as made for the play only, not part of Mark Twain’s final intentions for his novel.
 highest tree there was in the country] As in the manuscript and first edition. On page 43 of the Tom Sawyer play manuscript, the last three words are given as “in 7 counties” (CU-MARK). In 1988, lacking the manuscript for this part of the text, the editors considered the possibility that first edition “country” was an error for “county”. The newly discovered manuscript shows beyond doubt that the word was always “country”. The revision of those words is regarded as a change made solely for the play.
Explanatory Notes Chapter III.
 she took me in the closet and prayed] Miss Watson follows literally the injunction of Matthew 6:6, “But thou, when thou prayest, enter into thy closet” (Marx 1967, 21n). Huck’s word “closet” means pantry, as it does in chapter 3 of Tom Sawyer, where Aunt Polly took Tom “into the closet and selected a choice apple and delivered it to him, along with an improving lecture” and a “happy Scriptural flourish” ( ATS , 18).
 whatever I asked for I would get it] Miss Watson’s admonitions about prayer and Huck’s disappointment in it derive from the author’s recollection of his Hannibal schoolteacher Mrs. Elizabeth Horr (1790?–1873), described in a 1906 dictation as “a New England lady of middle-age, with New England ways and principles, and she always opened school with prayer and a chapter from the New Testament; also she explained the chapter with a brief talk. In one of these talks she dwelt upon the text ‘Ask and ye shall receive,’ and said that whosoever prayed for a thing with earnestness and strong desire need not doubt that his prayer would be answered.” Dissatisfied with the result of his prayers, the young Clemens eventually decided the injunction was unsound (AD, 15 Aug 1906, CU-MARK, in MTE , 108–9; Inds , 326).
 

a drownded man don’t float on his back, but on his face] Folklore held that one would “always find the body of a drowned woman floating face up; the body of a drowned man, face down. Although these positions are occasionally reversed in some sayings, this is the general belief—they are the normal positions in coitus” (Hyatt, item 15134). Mark Twain may well have encountered a variant of this belief in one of his favorite books, W. E. H. Lecky’s History of European Morals from Augustus to Charlemagne. Lecky quotes the Roman historian Pliny: [begin page 388] “It was said that drowned men floated on their backs, and drowned women on their faces; and this, in the opinion of Roman naturalists, was due to the superior purity of the latter” (Lecky, 2:318). Dr. Alvin Tarlov of the University of Chicago Medical School has compared reports by police in Norwalk and Westport, Connecticut, the New York City Harbor Squad, and the Marine Unit of the Chicago Police Department. All agreed with the findings of a veteran of the last unit: “I have been fishing bodies out of Lake Michigan for nine years running, about forty-four a year. . . . Men, women, boys and girls—they all float face down.”

 blazing stick, which he called a slogan] Leo Marx has suggested that “Tom has confused two passages from Sir Walter Scott. In The Lay of the Last Minstrel (Canto IV, xxvii), ‘slogan’ is used in its earlier sense to mean a battle cry; in a well-known episode in The Lady of the Lake (Canto III), a ‘fiery cross’ is carried through the countryside to call the clans to battle” (Marx 1967, 23n).
 Cave Hollow] Mark Twain defined “hollow” as “Missourian for ‘valley.’ ” Cave Hollow was the valley containing the entrance to McDowell’s cave, south of Hannibal. In Tom Sawyer, Mark Twain described it as “a woody hollow” three miles below town, and in 1906, he remembered that “on the Saturday holidays in summertime we used to borrow skiffs whose owners were not present and go down the river three miles to the cave hollow” (AD, 16 Mar 1906, CU-MARK, in MTA , 2:215 and SLC 1907, 165; chapters 29 and 33, ATS , 204, 243).
 “sumter” mules] Tom refers to “sumpter” or pack mules, a term Clemens may have recalled from Cervantes (see also the next note). “Sumpter” mules are twice mentioned in the early pages of Cervantes’s picaresque novel about the adventures of two boys, Rinconete and Cortadillo (1613). This work was included in the 1855 translation of Cervantes’s Exemplary Novels which Clemens acquired in 1875. The term also occurs twice in Charles Jarvis’s standard translation of Don Quixote (1605), first published in 1742, in chapter 19 of part I (Powers, 155, 159, 174 n. 9; Cervantes 1855, 45, 46; Cervantes 1992, xvii, 154, 156; Gribben 1980, 1:136).
 a book called “Don Quixote,” . . . just out of spite] Tom refers to chapter 18 of part I of Cervantes’s masterpiece, where “Don Quixote imagines that a herd of sheep, which he sees approaching, is really a motley army of Arabs, Spaniards, Christians and pagans. He attacks the sheep, and the shepherds repulse him, using their slings. Don Quixote explains that his enemy, the magician, has turned the armies into sheep, for spite.” The relationship between Tom and Huck, and later [begin page 389] between Huck and Jim, is in many ways similar to that between Don Quixote and Sancho Panza (Olin Harris Moore, 327–28, 337–38). In March 1869 Clemens told Olivia Langdon that “Don Quixote is one of the most exquisite books that was ever written, & to lose it from the world’s literature would be as the wresting of a constellation from the symmetry & perfection of the firmament” ( L3 , 132).
 before you could say Jack Robinson] Mark Twain marked this expression in his copy of Grose’s Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue (1785), which he acquired in 1875. Grose defined it as “a saying to express a very short time, originating from a very volatile gentleman of that appellation, who would call on his neighbours, and be gone before his name could be announced” (Grose, 93; Gribben 1980, 1:280).
 they rub an old tin lamp] Aladdin does this, thereby conjuring up a genie, in “History of Aladdin, or the Wonderful Lamp,” in The Arabian Nights’ Entertainments (1839–41). In 1913, one of Clemens’s boyhood friends recalled: “In those days, . . . we didn’t have much to read. There was but one copy of the Arabian Nights in the village, and that volume was the property of Squire Clemens, Mark Twain’s father. Sam knew all the stories. He could hire us, any day, to help him do his chores by merely a promise that, as soon as we were done, he would give us the Forty Thieves or some other yarn” (Abbott, 17).
 chewing gum] Indians taught the New England colonists to chew spruce-tree resins. Spruce gum was first commercially sold in the early 1800s.
 sweat like an Injun] Native American sweat lodges, widely used for health and ceremonial purposes, were described by European colonizers and travelers as early as the sixteenth century (Bruchac, 2, 17–24; Hearn 2001, 45).