Explanatory Notes
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Apparatus Notes
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Chapter XVI.
[begin page 106]
it amounted emendation to something
being a raftsman.
Click the thumbnail to see the illustrated chapter heading
Chapter XVI.emendation

We slept mostemendation all day, and started out,historical collation at night, a little ways behind a monstrous long raft that was as long going by as a procession. She had four long sweeps at each end, so we judged she carried as many as thirty men, likely. She had five big wigwamshistorical collation aboard, wide apart, and an open camp fire in the middle, and a tall flag polehistorical collation at each end. There was a power of style about her. It amounted alteration in the MS to somethingalteration in the MS being a raftsmanemendation on such a craft as that.

We went drifting down into a big bend, and the night clouded up and got hot. The river was very widehistorical collation and was walled with solid timber on both sides; you couldn’t see a break in it,historical collation hardly ever, or a light. We talked about Cairo, and wondered whether we would know it when we got to it. I said likely we wouldn’t, because I had heard say there warn’t but about a dozen houses there, and if they didn’t happen to have them lit up, how was we going to know we was passing a town? Jim said if the two big rivers joined together there, that would show. But I said maybe we might think we was passing the foot of an island and coming into the same old river again. That disturbed Jim—and me too. So the question was, what to do? I said, paddle ashore the first time a light showed, and tell them papemendation was behind,alteration in the MS coming along with a trading scowhistorical collation, and was a green hand at the business, and wanted to know how far it was to Cairo. Jim thought it wasalteration in the MS a good idea, so we took a smoke on it and waited.

[begin page 107] But you know a young person can’t wait very well when he isalteration in the MS impatient to find a thing outemendation. We talked it over, and by and by Jim said it was such a black night, now, that it wouldn’thistorical collation be no reskemendation textual note to swim down to the big raft and crawl aboard and listenhistorical collation—they would talk about Cairo, because they would be calculating to goalteration in the MS ashore there for a spree, maybe, or anyway they would send boats ashore to buy whiskyhistorical collation or fresh meat or something. Jim had a wonderful level head, for a nigger;historical collation he could most always start a good planalteration in the MS whenalteration in the MS you wanted one.

i swum down emendation along the raft.

I stood up and shook my rags off and jumped into the river, and struck out for the raft’s light. By and by, when I got down nearly to herhistorical collation I eased up and went slow and cautious. Butemendation everything was all right—nobody at the sweeps. So I swum down along the raft till I was most abreast the camp fire in the middle. Thenhistorical collation I crawled aboard and inched along and got in amongst some bundles of shingles on the weather side of the fire. Thereemendation was thirteen men there—they wasalteration in the MS the watch on deck,historical collation of course. And a mighty rough lookinghistorical collation lot, too. They had a jug, and tin cups, and they kept the jug moving. One man was singing—roaring, you may say; and it warn’thistorical collation textual note a nice song—for a parlor,historical collation anywayemendation. He roared through his nose, and strung out the last word of every line very long. When he was done they all fetched a kind of Injun war-whoop, and then another wasemendation sung. It begun:historical collation

[begin page 108] “There was a woman in our towdn,
In our towdn did dwed’lalteration in the MS (dwell,)textual note
She loved her husband dear-i-lee,
But another man twyste as wed’l.

Singingalteration in the MS emendation too, riloo, riloo, riloo,
Ri-too, riloo, rilay - - - - ehistorical collation,
She loved her husband dear-i-lee,
But another man twyste as wed’l.”textual note explanatory note

And so on—fourteen verses. It was kind of poor, and when he was going to start on the next versealteration in the MS one of them said it was the tune the old cow died onexplanatory note; and another one said, “Ohistorical collation, give us a rest;” andhistorical collation another one told him to takealteration in the MS a walk. They made fun of him till he got mad and jumped up and begun to cuss the crowd, and said he could lam any thief in the lot.

They wasalteration in the MS all about to make a break for him, but the biggest man there jumped up and says:historical collation

“Set whar you are, gentlemen. Leave him to me; he’shistorical collation my meat.”

he jumped up in the air.

Then he jumped up in the air three times and cracked his heels [begin page 109] together every time. He flung off a buckskin coat that was all hung with fringes, and says, “You lay thar tell the chawin-up’shistorical collation done;” and flung his hat down, which was all over ribbons, and says, “You lay thar tell his sufferins is over.”

Then he jumped up in thealteration in the MS air and cracked his heels together again and shouted out:historical collation

Whoo-oopemendation! I’mhistorical collation the old original iron-jawed, brass-mountedemendation, copper-bellied corpse-maker from the wilds of Arkansaw! Lookemendation at me! I’mhistorical collation the man they call Sudden Death and General Desolation! Sired by a hurricane, dam’d by an earthquakeemendation, half-brother to the cholera, nearly related to the small-pox on the mother’s side! Look at me! Iemendation takealteration in the MS nineteenalteration in the MS alligators and a bar’lalteration in the MS of whiskyalteration in the MS historical collation for breakfast when I’mhistorical collation in robust health, and a bushel of rattlesnakeshistorical collation and a dead body when I’mhistorical collation ailing! I split the everlasting rocks with my glanceemendation and I squenchalteration in the MS the thunder when I speak! Whoo-oopemendation! standhistorical collation back and give me room according to my strength! Blood’shistorical collation my natural drink, and the wails of the dying is music to my ear! Cast your eye on me, gentlemenemendation!—and lay low,historical collation and hold your breath, for I’mhistorical collation ’boutemendation textual note to turn myself loose!”

went around in a little emendation circle.

All the time he was getting this off, he was shaking his head and looking fierce, and kind of swelling around in a little circle, tucking up his wristbandshistorical collation, and now and then straightening up and beating his breast with his fist, sayinghistorical collation “Look at me, gentlemen!” When he got through, he jumped up and cracked his heels together three times, andalteration in the MS let off aalteration in the MS roaring “whoo-oopemendation! I’mhistorical collation the bloodiest son of a wildcat that lives!”

Then the man that had started the row tilted his old slouch hatalteration in the MS down over his right eye; then he bent,historical collation [begin page 110] stooping forward, with his back sagged andalteration in the MS his southemendation end sticking out far, and his fists a-shovingalteration in the MS out and drawing in in front of him, and so went around in a little circle about three times, swelling himself up and breathing hard. Then he straightened, and jumped up and cracked his heels together three times before he lit again (that made them cheer)emendation and he begun to shout like this:emendation

Whoo-oopemendation! Bowhistorical collation your neck and spreadexplanatory note, for the kingdom of sorrow’salteration in the MS historical collation a-coming! Hold me down to the earth, for I feel my powers a-working! whoo-oopemendation! I’mhistorical collation a child of sin, don’t let me getemendation a start! Smoked glass, here, for all! don’thistorical collation attempt to look at me with the naked eye, gentlemenhistorical collation! When I’mhistorical collation playful I use the meridians of longitude and parallels of latitude for a seine,alteration in the MS and drag the Atlantic oceanhistorical collation for whales! I scratch my head with the lightningalteration in the MS and purr myself to sleep with the thunderalteration in the MS! When I’mhistorical collation cold, I bileemendation the Gulf of Mexico and bathe in it; when I’mhistorical collation hot I fan myself with an equinoctial storm; when I’mhistorical collation thirstyalteration in the MS I reach up and suck a cloud dry like a sponge; when I range the earth hungry, famine follows in my tracksalteration in the MS! Whoo-oopemendation! Bow your neck and spread! I put my hand on the sun’s face and make it night in the earth; I bite a piece out of the moon and hurry the seasons; I shake myself and crumblealteration in the MS emendation the mountains! Contemplate me through leather—don’t use the naked eye! I’mhistorical collation the man with a petrified heart and biler-ironemendation bowelsalteration in the MS emendation! Thealteration in the MS massacre of isolated communities is the pastime of my idle moments, the destructionalteration in the MS of nationalities the serious business of my life! The boundless vastness of the great American desertemendation textual note is my enclosed property, and I bury my dead on my own premises!”alteration in the MS

Hehistorical collation jumped up and cracked his heels together three times before he lit (they cheered him again), and as he come down he shoutedemendation out:alteration in the MS Whoo-oopemendation! Bowhistorical collation alteration in the MS your neck and spread, for the pet child of Calamity’salteration in the MS historical collation a-coming!”

Then the other one went to swelling around and blowing again—the first one—the one they called Bob; nextalteration in the MS, the Childalteration in the MS of Calamity chipped in again, bigger than ever; then they both got at it at the same time, swelling round and round each other and punching their fists most into each other’s faces, and whooping and jawing like Injuns; then Bob called the Child namesalteration in the MS, and the Child called him names back again;historical collation nextalteration in the MS, Bob called him a heap rougher names and the Child come back at him with the very worst kind of language; [begin page 111] next, Bob knocked the Child’salteration in the MS hat off, and the Child picked it up and kicked Bob’salteration in the MS ribbony hat about six foot; Bob went and got it and said never mind, this warn’thistorical collation going to be the last of this thing, because he was a man that never forgot and never forgive, and so the Child better look out, for there was a time a-comingemendation, just as sure as he was a living man, that he would have to answer to himalteration in the MS with the best blood in his body. The Child said no man was willinger than he was,historical collation for that time to come, and he would give Bob fair warning, now, never to cross his path again, for he could never rest till he had waded in his blood, for such was his nature, though he was sparing him now on account of his family, if he had one.

Both of them was edging away in different directions, growling and shaking their heads and going on about what they was going to do; but a little black-whiskeredalteration in the MS chap skipped up and says:historical collation

“Come back here, you couple of chicken-liveredemendation cowards, and I’llhistorical collation thrash the two of ye!”

And he done it, too. He snatched them, he jerked them this way and that, he booted them around, he knocked them sprawling faster than they could get up. Why, it warn’thistorical collation two minutes till they begged like dogs—and how the other lot did yell and laugh and clap their hands all the way through, and shout “Sail in, Corpse-Maker!” “Hi! at him againemendation, Child of Calamity!” “Bully for you, little Davy!”

Wellhistorical collation, it was a perfect pow-wow for a while. Bob and the Childalteration in the MS had red noses and black eyes when they got through. Little Davy made them own up that they wasalteration in the MS sneaks and cowards and not fit to eat with a dog or drink with a nigger; thenalteration in the MS Bob and the Childalteration in the MS shook hands with each other, very solemn, and said they had always respected each other and was willing to let bygones be bygones. So then they washed their faces in the river,historical collation and just then there was a loud order to stand by for a crossing, and some of them went forward to man the sweeps there, and the rest went aft to handle the after sweepshistorical collation.explanatory note

I laid still and waited for fifteen minutes, and had a smoke out of a pipe that one of them left in reach; then the crossing was finishedhistorical collation and they stumped back and had a drink around and went to talking and singing again.

Nexthistorical collation they got out an old fiddle, and one played, and another patted Jubahistorical collation explanatory note, and the rest turned themselves loose on a regular [begin page 112] old-fashionedemendation keel-boat break-downexplanatory note. They couldn’t keep that up very long without getting winded, so by and by they settled around the jug again. emendation

Theyalteration in the MS sung Jollyhistorical collation, jolly raftsman’s the life for me,”explanatory note with a rousing chorus, and then they got to talking about differences betwixt hogs, and their different kind of habits; and next about women and their different ways; and next about the best ways to put out houses that was afire; and next about what ought to be done with the Injuns; and next about what a king had to do, and how much he got; and next about how to make cats fight; and nextalteration in the MS about what to do when a man has fits; and next about differences betwixt clear-waterhistorical collation rivers and muddy-wateremendation ones. The man they called Ed,historical collation said the muddy Mississippi water was wholesomer to drink than the clear water of the Ohioexplanatory note; he said if you let a pint ofalteration in the MS this yaller Mississippi water settle, you would have about a half to three-quartersemendation of an inchalteration in the MS of mudalteration in the MS in the bottom, according to the stage of the river, and then it warn’thistorical collation no better thanhistorical collation Ohio water—what you wanted to do was to [begin page 113] keep it stirred up—andalteration in the MS when the river was low, keep mud on hand to put in and thicken the water up the way it ought to be.

he knocked them sprawling.

Theemendation Child of Calamity said that was so; he said there was nutritiousnessemendation in the mud, and a man that drunk Mississippi water could grow corn in his stomach if he wanted to. He says:historical collation

“You look at the graveyardsemendation textual note; that tells the tale. Trees won’t grow worth shucks in a Cincinnati graveyard, but in a Sent Louis graveyard they grow upwards of eight hundred foot high. It’shistorical collation all on accountemendation of the water the people drunk before they laid up. A Cincinnati corpse don’t richen a soil any.”

an old-fashioned break-down.

And they talked about how Ohio water didn’thistorical collation like to mix with Mississippi water. Ed said if you take the Mississippi on a rise when the Ohio is low, you’llhistorical collation find a wide band of clear water all the way down the east side of the Mississippi for a hundred mileemendation or moreexplanatory note, and the minute you get out a quarter of a mile from shore and pass the line, it is all thick and yaller the rest of the way across.

Thenhistorical collation they talked about how to keep tobacco from getting mouldy, and from that they went into ghosts and told about a lot that other folks had seen; but Ed says:historical collation

[begin page 114] “Why don’t you tell something that you’vehistorical collation seen yourselves? Nowemendation let me have a say. Five yearsalteration in the MS emendation ago I was on a raft as big as this, and right along here it was a bright moonshinyalteration in the MS night, just after midnight,emendation textual note and I was on watch and boss of the stabboard oar forrard, and one of my pards was a man named Dick Allbright, and he come along to where I was settinghistorical collation textual note, forrard—gaping and stretching, he was—and stooped down on the edge of the raft and washedalteration in the MS his face in the river, and come and set down by me and got out his pipe, and had just got it filled, when he looks up and says,historical collation ‘Whyhistorical collation looky-here,’ he says, ‘ain’t that Buck Miller’s place, over yanderalteration in the MS in the bend?’ ‘Yeshistorical collation,’ says I, ‘it is—why?’ He laid his pipe down and leant his head onemendation his hand, and says,historical collation ‘Ihistorical collation thought we’dhistorical collation be furder down.’ I says,historical collation ‘Ihistorical collation thought it too, when I went offalteration in the MS watch’—we was standing six hours on and six off—‘but the boys told me,’ I saysalteration in the MS, ‘that the raft didn’t seem to hardly move, for the last hour,’historical collation says I, ‘though she’shistorical collation a slipping along all right, now,’ says I. He give a kind of a groanhistorical collation and says,historical collation ‘I’vehistorical collation seed a raft act so before, along here,’ he says;historical collation ‘ ’pears to me the current has most quit,alteration in the MS historical collation above the head of this bend durin’ the last two years,’ he says.

“Wellemendation, he raised up two or three times, and looked away off and around on the water. That started me at it, too. A body is always doing what he sees somebody else doing, though there mayn’thistorical collation be no sense in it. Pretty soon I see a black something floating on the water away off to stabboardalteration in the MS and quartering behind us. I see he was looking at it, too. I says,historical collation ‘What’shistorical collation that?’ He says, sort of pettish,historical collation “Tain’thistorical collation nothing but an old empty bar’l.’ ‘Anhistorical collation empty bar’l!’ says I, ‘why,’ says I, ‘a spy-glass is a fool to your eyes. Howemendation can you tell it’shistorical collation an empty bar’l?emendation’ He says,historical collation ‘Ihistorical collation don’t know; I reckon it ain’t a bar’l;historical collation but I thought it might be,’ says he. ‘Yeshistorical collation,’ I says, ‘so it might be;historical collation and it might be anything else, too;alteration in the MS a body can’t tell nothing about it, such a distance as that,’ I says.

“We hadn’thistorical collation nothing else to do, so we kept on watching it. By and by I says,historical collation ‘Whyhistorical collation looky-here, Dick Allbright, that thing’shistorical collation a-gaining on us, Iemendation believe.’ Hehistorical collation never said nothing. The thing gained and gained, and I judged it must be a dog that was about tired out. Well, we swung down into the crossing, and the thing floated across the bright streak of the moonshine, and by Georgehistorical collation it was a bar’l.

“Sayshistorical collation I,historical collation ‘Dickhistorical collation Allbrightalteration in the MS, what made you think that thing was a [begin page 115] bar’l, when it was a half a mileemendation off,’ says I. Says he,historical collation ‘Ihistorical collation don’t know.’ Says I,historical collation ‘Youhistorical collation tell me, Dick Allbright.’emendation He says,historical collation ‘Wellhistorical collation, I knowed it was a bar’l; I’vehistorical collation seen it before; lots has seen it; they saysemendation it’shistorical collation a ha’ntedhistorical collation bar’l.’ Ihistorical collation called the rest of the watchhistorical collation and they come and stood there, and I told them what Dick said. It floated right along abreast, now, and didn’thistorical collation gain any more. It was about twenty foot off. Some was for having it aboard, but the rest didn’thistorical collation want to. Dick Allbright said rafts that had fooled with it had got bad luck by it. The captain of the watch said he didn’thistorical collation believe in it. He said he reckoned the bar’l gained on us because it was in a little better current than what we was; hehistorical collation said it would leave by and by.

the mysterious barrel.

“Soemendation then we went to talking about other things, and we had a song, and then a breakdown; and after that the captain of the watch called for another song; but it was clouding up, now, and the bar’l stuck right thar in the same place, and the song didn’thistorical collation seem to have much warm-up to it, somehow, and so they didn’thistorical collation finish it, and there warn’thistorical collation any cheers, but it sort of dropped flat, and nobody said anything for a minute. Then everybody tried to talk at once, and one chap got off a joke, but it warn’thistorical collation no use, they didn’thistorical collation laugh, and even the chap that made the joke didn’thistorical collation laugh at it, which ain’t usual. We all just settled down glum, and watched the bar’l, and was oneasy and oncomfortable. Wellhistorical collation sir, it shut down black and still, and then the wind begin to moan around, and next the lightning begin to play and the thunder to grumble. And pretty soon there was a regular storm, and in the middle of it a man that was runningemendation aftalteration in the MS stumbled and fell and sprained his anclehistorical collation so badhistorical collation he had to lay uptextual note. This made the boys shake their heads. And every time the lightning come, there was that bar’l,historical collation with the blue lights [begin page 116] winkingalteration in the MS around it. We was always on the lookouthistorical collation for it. But by and by, towards dawn, she was gone. When the day come we couldn’thistorical collation see her anywhere, and we warn’talteration in the MS historical collation sorry, neither.

“But next night about half pasthistorical collation nine, when there was songs and high jinks going on, here she comes again, and took her old roost on the stabboard side. Thereemendation warn’thistorical collation no more high jinks. Everybody got solemn; nobody talked; you couldn’thistorical collation get anybody to do anything but set around moody and look at the bar’l. It begun to cloud up again. When the watch changed, the off watch stayed up, ’stead of turning in. The storm ripped and roared around all night, and in the middle of it another man tripped and sprained his anclehistorical collation and had to knock off. The bar’l left,historical collation towards day, and nobody see it go.

soon there was a regular storm.

“Everybodyalteration in the MS was sober and down in the mouth all day. I don’t mean the kind of sober that comes of leaving liquor alone. Nothistorical collation that. They was quiet, but they all drunk more than usualhistorical collation—not together,historical collation but each man sidled off and took it private, by himself.

“Afteralteration in the MS dark the off watch didn’thistorical collation turn in; nobody sung,alteration in the MS nobody talked; the boys didn’thistorical collation scatter around, neither; they sort of huddled [begin page 117] together, forrard,historical collation and for two hours they set there, perfectly still, looking steady in the one direction, and heaving a sigh once in a while. And then, here comes the bar’l again. She took up her old place. She staid there all night; nobody turned in. The storm come on again, after midnight. It got awful dark; the rain poured down; hail, too; the thunder boomed and roared and bellowed; the wind blowed a hurricane;alteration in the MS and the lightning spread over everything in big sheets of glare, and showed the whole raft as plain as day,historical collation and the river lashed up white as milk as far as you could see for miles, and there was that bar’l jiggering along, same as ever. The captain ordered the watch to man the after sweeps for a crossing, and nobody would gohistorical collation—no more sprained ancleshistorical collation for them, they said. They wouldn’thistorical collation even walk aft. Well then, just then the sky split wide open, with a crash, and the lightning killed two men of the after watchhistorical collation and crippled two more. Crippled them how, says you? Whyemendation, sprained their ancles! emendation

the lightning killed two men.

“The bar’l left,historical collation in the dark betwixtemendation lightnings, towards dawn. Wellhistorical collation not a body eat a bite at breakfastemendation that morning. After that the men loafed around, in twos and threes,emendation and talked low together. But none of them herded with Dick All bright. They allalteration in the MS give him the cold shake. If he comealteration in the MS around where any of the men was, they split up and sidled away. They wouldn’thistorical collation man a sweephistorical collation textual note with him. The captain had all the skiffs hauled up on the raft, alongside of his wigwam, and wouldn’thistorical collation let the dead men be took ashore to be planted; he didn’thistorical collation believe a man that got ashore would come back; and he was right.

“Afteralteration in the MS night come,alteration in the MS you could see pretty plain that there was going to be trouble if that bar’l come again,historical collation there was such a muttering [begin page 118] going on. A good many wanted to kill Dick Allbright, because he’d seen the bar’l on other tripshistorical collation and that had an ugly look. Some wanted to put him ashore. Some said, let’shistorical collation all go ashore in a pile, if the bar’l comes again.

“This kind of whispersalteration in the MS was still going on, the men being bunched together forrard watching for the bar’l, whenhistorical collation lo and behold you, here she comes again. Down she comes, slow and steady, and settles into her old tracks. You could a heard a pin drop. Then up comes the captain, and says:historical collation ‘Boyshistorical collation, don’t be a pack of children and fools; I don’t want this bar’l to be dogging us all the way to Orleans, and you don’t; well, then, how’shistorical collation the best way to stop it? Burn it up—that’shistorical collation the way. I’mhistorical collation going to fetch it aboard,’ he says. And before anybody could say a word, in he went.

“He swum to it, and as he come pushing it to the raft, the men spread to one side. But the old man got it aboard and busted in the head, and there was a baby in it!emendation Yes sir, a stark nakedemendation alteration in the MS baby. It was Dick Allbright’s baby; he owned up and said so. ‘Yeshistorical collation,’ he says, a leaninghistorical collation over it, Yesalteration in the MS historical collation, it is my own lamented darling, my poor lost Charles William Allbright deceased,’ says he—forhistorical collation he could curl his tongue around the bulliest words in the language when he was a mind to, and lay them before you without a j’inthistorical collation started, anywheres. Yes, he said he used to live up at the head of this bend, and one night he choked his child, which was crying, not intending to kill it,historical collation which was prob’ly a lie,historical collation and then he was scaredalteration in the MS, and buried it in a bar’lalteration in the MS, before his wife got home, and off he went, and struck the northern trail and went to rafting,historical collation and this was the third year that the bar’l had chased him. He said the bad luck alwaysalteration in the MS begun light, and lasted till four men was killed, and then the bar’l didn’thistorical collation come any more after that. He said if the men would stand it one more night—historical collationand was agoingalteration in the MS emendation on like that,historical collation but the men had got enough. They started to get out a boat to take him ashore and lynch him, but he grabbed the little child all of a sudden and jumped overboardhistorical collation with it hugged up to his breast and shedding tears, and we never see him again in this life, pooralteration in the MS old suffering soul, nor Charles William neither.”

Who was shedding tears?” says Bob; “was it Allbright,historical collation or the baby?”

“Why, Allbright, of course; didn’t I tell you the baby was dead? Been dead three years—how could it cry?”

[begin page 119] “Well, never mind how it could cry—how could it keep alteration in the MS,historical collation all that time?” says Davy.alteration in the MS “You answer me that.”

“I don’t know how it done it,” says Ed. “It done it,historical collation though,historical collationthat’salteration in the MS historical collation all I know about it.”

grabbed the little child.

“Say—what did they do with the bar’l?” says the Child of Calamity.

“Why, they hove it overboardemendation and it sunk like a chunk of lead.”

“Edward, didalteration in the MS the child look likealteration in the MS it was choked?” says one.

“Did it have its hair parted?” says another.

“What was the brand on that bar’l, Eddy?” says a fellow they called Bill.

“Have you got the papers for them statisticsemendation, Edmund?” says Jimmy.

“Say, Edwin, was you one of the men that was killed by the lightning?” says Davy.

“Him? O, no, he was bothemendation of ’em,” says Bob. Then they all haw-hawed.alteration in the MS

“Say, Edward, don’t you reckon you’demendation better take a pill? You look bad—don’t you feel pale?emendation” says the Child of Calamity.

“O, come, now, Eddy,” says Jimmy, “show up; you must a kept part of that bar’l to prove the thing by. Show us the bunghole—do—and we’llhistorical collation all believe you.”

“Say, boys,” says Bill, “less divide it up. Thar’shistorical collation thirteen of us. I can swaller a thirteenth of the yarn, if you can worry down the rest.”

Ed got up madalteration in the MS and said they could all go to some place which he ripped out pretty savage, and then walked off aft cussing to himself, and they yelling and jeering at himhistorical collation and roaring and laughing so you could hear them a mile.

“Boysemendation, we’llhistorical collation split a watermelonemendation on that,” says the Childalteration in the MS of Calamity,historical collation andalteration in the MS he come rummaging around in the dark amongst the [begin page 120] shingle bundles where I was, and put his hand on me. I was warm and soft and naked; so he saysalteration in the MS “Ouch!” and jumped back.

“Fetch a lantern or a chunk of fire here, boys—there’shistorical collation alteration in the MS a snake here as big as a cow!”

So they run there with a lantern and crowded up and looked in on me.

ed got up mad.

“Come out of that, you beggar!” says one.

“Who are you?” says another.

“What areemendation you after here? Speak up prompt, or overboard you go.”

“Snake him out, boys. Snatch him out by the heels.”

I beganemendation to beg, and crept out amongst them trembling. Theyemendation looked me over, wondering, and the Child of Calamity says:historical collation

“A cussed thief! Lend a hand and less heave him overboard!”

“No,” says Big Bobemendation, “lessalteration in the MS get out the paint pothistorical collation and paint him a sky blue all over from head to heel, and then heave him over!”

“Good! That’shistorical collation it. Go for the paint, Jimmy.”alteration in the MS

When the paint come, and Bob took the brush and was just going to begin, the others laughing and rubbing their hands, I begunalteration in the MS to cry,alteration in the MS and that sort of worked on Davyhistorical collation and he says:historical collation

[begin page 121] “ ’Vast there! He’shistorical collation nothing but a cub. I’llhistorical collation paint the man thatemendation tetchesalteration in the MS him!”

So hetextual note historical collation looked around on them, and some of them grumbled and growled, andemendation Bob put down the painthistorical collation and the others didn’thistorical collation take it up.

who are you?

“Come here to the fire, and less see what you’rehistorical collation up to here,” says Davy. “Now set down there and give an account of yourself.alteration in the MS How long have you beenemendation aboard here?alteration in the MS

“Not over a quarter of a minute, sir,” says I.

“How did you getemendation dry so quick?”

“I don’t know, sir. I’mhistorical collation always that way, mostly.”

Ohistorical collation, you are, are you?alteration in the MS What’shistorical collation your name?”

I warn’thistorical collation going to tell my name. I didn’thistorical collation know what to say, so I just says:

“Charles William Allbright, sir.”

Then they roared—the whole crowd; and I was mighty glad I said that, because maybe laughing would get them in a better humor.

When they got done laughing, Davy says:historical collation

“It won’t hardly do, Charles William. You couldn’thistorical collation have growed this much in five year, and you was a baby when you come out of the bar’l, you know, and dead at that. Come, now, tell a straight story, and nobodyalteration in the MS ’ll hurt you, if you ain’t up to anything wrong. What is your name?”

[begin page 122] “Aleck Hopkins, sir. Aleck James Hopkins.”

“Well, Aleck, where did you come from, here?”

charles william allbright, sir.

“From a trading scow. She lays up the bend yonder. I was born on her. Pap has traded up and down here all his life; and he told me to swim off here, because when you went by he said he would like to get some of you to speak to a Mr. Jonas Turner, in Cairo, and tell him—”

Ohistorical collation, come!”

“Yes, sir, it’shistorical collation as true as the world; Pap he says—”

Ohistorical collation, your grandmother!”

They all laughed, and I tried again to talk, but they broke in on me and stopped me.

Nowhistorical collation looky-here,” says Davy; “you’rehistorical collation scared, and so you talk wild. Honestemendation, now, do you live in a scow, or is it a lie?”

“Yes, sir, in a trading scow. She lays up at the head of the bend. But I warn’thistorical collation born in her. It’shistorical collation our first trip.”

[begin page 123] “Now you’rehistorical collation talkingalteration in the MS!emendation What did you come aboard here, for? To steal?”

“No, sir, I didn’t. Itemendation was only to get a ride on the raft. All boys does that.”

“Well, I know that. But what did you hide,historical collation for?”

“Sometimes they drive the boys off.”

“So they do. They might steal. Looky-here; if we let you off this time, will you keep out of these kindemendation of scrapes hereafter?”

“ ’Deed I will, boss. You try me.”

“All right, then. You ain’t but little ways from shore. Overboardhistorical collation with you, and don’t you make a fool of yourself another time this way. Blastemendation it, boy, some raftsmenemendation would rawhide you till you wereemendation black and blue!”

I didn’thistorical collation wait to kiss good-bye, but went overboardemendation and broke for shore. Whenalteration in the MS Jim come along by and by, the bigalteration in the MS raft was away out of sight around the point. I swum out and got aboard, and was mighty glad to see home again.historical collation explanatory note

I had to tell Jim I didn’t find out how far it was to Cairo. He was pretty sorry. Thereemendation warn’t nothinghistorical collation to do nowhistorical collation but to look out sharp for the townhistorical collation and not pass it without seeing it. He said he’demendation be mighty sure to see it, because he’demendation be a free man the minute he seenemendation it, but if he missed it he’demendation be in the slave country again and no more show for freedom. Everyalteration in the MS little while he jumpsemendation up and says:

“Dah she is!”

But it warn’temendation. It was jack-o’-lanternshistorical collation, or lightning bugshistorical collation; so he set down again,alteration in the MS and went to watching, same as before. Jim said it made him all over trembly and feverish to be so close to freedom. Well, I can tell you it made me all over trembly and feverish, too, to hear him, because I begun to get it through my head that he was most free—and who was to blame for it? Whyemendation, me. I couldn’t get that out of my conscience, no how nor no wayemendation. It got to troubling me so I couldn’t restalteration in the MS,historical collation I couldn’t stayalteration in the MS still in one place. It hadn’t ever come home to me beforehistorical collation what this thing was that I was doing. But now it did; and it staid with me, and scorched me more and more. I tried to make out to myself that I warn’temendation to blame, because I didn’t runemendation Jim [begin page 124] off from his rightful owner; but it warn’t noemendation use, conscience up and says, every time, ‘Buthistorical collation you knowed he was running for his freedomhistorical collation and you could a paddled ashore and told somebody.’historical collation That was so—I couldn’t get around that, no wayhistorical collation. That was where it pinched. Conscience says to me, ‘Whathistorical collation had poor Miss Watson done to you, that you could see her nigger go off right under your eyes and never say one single word? What did that poor old woman do to you, that you could treat her so mean? Whyhistorical collation she tried to learn you your book, she tried to learn you your manners, she tried to be good to you every way she knowed how. That’s what she done.’historical collation

I got to feeling so mean and so miserable I most wished I was dead. I fidgeted up and down the raft, abusing myself to myself, and Jim was fidgeting up and down past me. We neither of us could keep still. Every time he danced around and sayshistorical collation ‘Dah’s Cairo!’historical collation it went through me like aemendation shot, and I thought if it was Cairo I reckoned I would die of miserableness.

Jim talked out loud all the time while I was talking to myself. He was saying how the first thing he would do when he got to a free State he would go to saving up money and never spend a single cent, and when he got enough he would buy his wife, which was owned on a farm close to where Miss Watson lived; and then they would both work to buyemendation the two children;historical collation and if their master wouldn’t sell them, they’demendation get an ab’litionistalteration in the MS historical collation to go and steal them.

It most froze me to hear such talk. He wouldn’t ever dared to talk such talk in his life before. Just see what a difference it made in him the minute he judged he was about free. It was according to the old saying, ‘Givehistorical collation a nigger an inch and he’ll take an ell.’historical collation explanatory note Thinks I, this is what comes of my not thinking. Here was this nigger which I had as good as helped to run away, coming right out flat-footedemendation and saying he would steal his children—children that belonged to a man I didn’t even know;emendation a man that hadn’t ever done me no harm.alteration in the MS

I was sorry to hear Jim say that, it was such a lowering of him. Myalteration in the MS conscience got to stirring me up hotter than ever, untilalteration in the MS emendation at last I says to it,alteration in the MS emendation ‘Lethistorical collation up on me—it ain’t too late, yet—I’llalteration in the MS paddle ashore at the first lighthistorical collation and tell.’historical collation I felt easyhistorical collation and happyhistorical collation and light as a featherhistorical collation right off. All my troubles was gone. I went to looking out sharp for a lighthistorical collation and sort of singing to myself. By and byhistorical collation one showed. Jim singsalteration in the MS out:

“We’s safe, Huck, we’s safe! Jump up and crack yo’ heels, dat’s de good ole Cairo at las’historical collation I jis’alteration in the MS emendation knows it!”

[begin page 125] I says:

“I’ll take the canoe and go see, Jim. It mightn’talteration in the MS be, you know.”textual note alteration in the MS emendation

He jumped and got the canoe ready, and put his old coat in the bottom for me to set on, and give me the paddle; and as I shoved offhistorical collation he says:

Pootyemendation soon I’ll be a-shout’nemendation for joy, enalteration in the MS I’ll say, it’s all on accounts o’emendation Huck; I’s a free man, enalteration in the MS I couldn’t everemendation ben free efemendation it hadn’emendation ben for Huck; Huck done it. Jim won’t everemendation forgit you, Huck; you’s de bes’ fren’ Jim’semendation everalteration in the MS hadalteration in the MS; enalteration in the MS you’s de only fren’ ole Jim’s got,historical collation now.”

I was paddling off, all in a sweat to tell on him; but when he says thisemendation it seemed to kind of take the tuckalteration in the MS all out of me. I went along slow,historical collation then, and I warn’t right down certain whether I was glad I started or whether I warn’t. When I was fifty yards off, Jim says:

“Dah you goes, de ole true Huck; de on’yemendation white genlman dat ever kep’ his promise to ole Jim.”alteration in the MS

Well, I just felt sick. But I saysemendation, I got to do it—I can’t getalteration in the MS out emendation of it. Right then, along comes a skiff with two men in it, with guns, and they stopped and I stopped. One of them says:

What’semendation that, yonder?”

“A piece of a raft,” I says.

“Do you belong on it?”

“Yes, sir.”

“Any men on it?”

“Only one, sir.”

“Well, there’s five niggers run off,historical collation to-night, up yonder above the head of the bend. Is your man white,historical collation or black?”

I didn’t answer up prompt. I tried to, but the words wouldn’t come. I tried, for a second or two,alteration in the MS to brace up,historical collation and out with it, but I warn’t man enough—hadn’t the spunk of a rabbitemendation. I see I was weakening; so I just give up trying, and up and says—alteration in the MS alteration in the MS

“He’s white.”

“I reckon we’ll go and see for ourselves.”

“I wish you would,” says I, “becausealteration in the MS it’s papemendation that’s there, and maybe you’d help me tow the raft ashore where the light is. He’s sick—and so is mamemendation and Mary Ann.”

“Oh, the devil! We’rehistorical collation in a hurry, boy. But I s’pose we’ve got to. Come—buckle to your paddle,alteration in the MS and let’s get along.”

I buckled to my paddle and they laid to their oars. When we had made a stroke or two,alteration in the MS I says:

[begin page 126] Pap ’llhistorical collation be mighty much obleegedemendation to you, I can tell you. Everybody goes away when I want them to help me tow the raft ashorehistorical collation and I can’t do it by myself.”

“Well, that’s infernal meanalteration in the MS. Odd, too. Say, boy, what’s the matter with your father?”alteration in the MS

“It’s the—a—the—well, it ain’t anything, much.”

They stopped pulling. It warn’t but a mighty little ways to the raft, now. One says:

“Boy, that’s a lie. Whatemendation is the matter with your pap? Answer up square, now, and it’ll be the better for you.”

“I will, sir, I will, honest—but don’temendation leave us, please. It’s the—the—gentlemenhistorical collation, if you’ll only pull ahead, and let me heave you the head-line, you won’t have to come a-near the raft—please do.”

“Set her back, John, set her back!” says one. They backed water. “Keep away, boy—keep to looard. Confound it, I just expect the wind has blowed it to us. Your pap’s got the small-pox,alteration in the MS and you know it precious well. Why didn’t you come out and say so? Do you want to spread it all over?”

Well,” says I, a-blubbering, “I’veemendation told everybody before, and then they just went away and left us.”

boy, that’s a lie.

“Poor devil, there’s something in that. We are right down sorry for you, but wealteration in the MS—well, hang it, we don’t want the small-pox, you see. [begin page 127] Look hereemendation, I’ll tell you what to do. Don’t you try to land by yourself, or you’ll smash everything to pieces. You float along down about twenty milesemendation and you’ll come to a town on the left handhistorical collation side of the river. It will be long after sun-up, then, and when you ask for help, you tell them your folks are all down with chills and fever. Don’t be a fool againhistorical collation and let people guess what is the matter. Now we’re trying to do you a kindness; so you just put twenty milesemendation between us, that’s a good boy. It wouldn’t do any good to land yonder where the light is—it’s only a wood yardhistorical collation. Say—I reckon your father’s poor, and I’m bound to say he’s in pretty hard luck. Here—I’ll put a twenty-dollarhistorical collation gold pieceexplanatory note on this board, and you get it when it floats by. Iemendation feel mighty mean to leave you, but my kingdom! it won’t do to fool with small-pox, don’t you see?”

“Hold on, Parker,” says the other man, “here’s a twenty to put on the board for me.alteration in the MS Good-byeemendation, boy, you do as Mr. Parker told youhistorical collation and you’ll be all right.”

“That’s so, my boy—good-bye, good-bye. If you see any runaway niggers, you getalteration in the MS help and nab them, and you can make some money by it.”

“Good-bye, sir,” says I, “I won’t let no runaway niggers get by me if I can help it.”

They went off, and I gotemendation aboard the raft, feeling bad and low, because I knowed very well I had done wrong, and I see it warn’t no use for me to try to learn to do right; a body that don’t get started right when he’s little, ain’t got no showexplanatory note—when the pinch comes there ain’t nothing to back him up and keep him to his work, and so he gets beat. Then I thought a minute, and says to myself, hold on,—s’pose you’d a done right and give Jim up; would you felt better than what you do now? No, says I, I’d feel bad—I’d feel just the same way I do now. Well, then, says I, what’s the use you learning to do right, when it’s troublesome to do right and ain’t no trouble to do wrong, and the wages is just the same? I was stuck. I couldn’t answer that. So I reckoned I wouldn’t bother no more about it, but after this always do whichever come handiest at the time.alteration in the MS emendation

I went into the wigwamemendation; Jim warn’t there. I looked all around; he warn’t anywhere. I says:

“Jim!”

“Here I is, Huck. Is dey out o’ sight,historical collation yit? Don’t talk loud.”

[begin page 128] He was in the river, under the stern-oarhistorical collation, with just his nose out. I told him they was out of sight, so he come aboard. He says:

“I was a-listenin’ to all de talk, en Ialteration in the MS slips into de riveremendation en wasalteration in the MS gwyne to shove for sho’ if dey come aboard. Den I was gwyne to swim to de raf’ agin when dey was gone. But lawsy, how you did fool ’em, Huck!emendation Dat wuz emendation de smartes’emendation dodgeexplanatory note! I tell you, chile, I ’speck it save’alteration in the MS ole Jim—ole Jim ain’t gwyne to forgitemendation you for dat, honey.”

here emendation i is, huck.

Then we talked about the money. It was a pretty good raise, twentyalteration in the MS dollars apiece. Jim said we could take deck passage on a steamboat,emendation now,alteration in the MS and the money would last us as far as we wanted to go in the free States. He said twenty mile more warn’t far for the raft to go, but he wished we was already there.

Towards daybreak we tied up, and Jim was mighty particular about hiding the raft good. Then he worked all day fixing things in bundleshistorical collation and getting all ready to quit rafting.

That night about ten we hove in sight of the lights of a town away down in a left-hand bend.alteration in the MS

Iemendation went off in the canoe,alteration in the MS to ask about it. Pretty soon I found a man out in the river with a skiff, setting a trot-line. I ranged up and says:

[begin page 129] “Mister, is that town Cairo?”

“Cairo? Nohistorical collation. You must be a blame’emendation fool.”

“What town is it, mister?”

“If you want to know, go and find out. If you stay here botherin’emendation around me for about a half a minute longer, you’ll get something you won’t want.”

I paddledemendation to the raft. Jim was awfulemendation disappointed, but I said never mind, Cairo would be the next place, I reckoned.

We passed another town before daylighthistorical collation and I was goingalteration in the MS out again; butemendation it was high ground, so I didn’t go. No high ground about Cairo, Jim said. I had forgot it. We laid up for the day,alteration in the MS on a tow-head tolerable close to the left-hand bank. I begun to suspicion something. So did Jim. I says:

“Maybe we went by Cairo in the fog that night.”explanatory note

He says:

Doan’emendation lesshistorical collation talk about it,alteration in the MS Huck. Po’ niggers can’t have no luck. Iemendation awluzemendation ’spected dat rattle-snake skin warn’t done wid itshistorical collation work.”

“I wish I’d never seen that snake-skin, Jim—I do wish I’d never laidalteration in the MS eyes on it.”

“It ain’t yo’alteration in the MS fault, Huck; you didn’emendation know. Don’t you blame yo’selfalteration in the MS emendation ’bout it.”

When it was daylightemendation, here was the clear Ohio water in shore, sure enough, and outside was the old regular Muddy!emendation So it was all up with Cairoexplanatory note.

We talked it all over. It wouldn’t do to take to the shore; we couldn’t take thealteration in the MS raft up streamtextual note historical collation, of course. There warn’t noemendation way but to wait for darkhistorical collation and start back in the canoe and take the chances. So we slept all day amongst the cottonwoodhistorical collation thicket, so as to be fresh for the work, and when we went back to the raft about dark the canoe was gone!alteration in the MS

We didn’t say a word for a good while. There warn’t anything to say. We both knowed well enough it was some more work of the rattlesnakehistorical collation skin; so what was the use to talk about it? It would only lookemendation like we was finding fault, and that would be bound to fetchalteration in the MS more bad luck—and keep on fetching it, too, till we knowed enough to keep still.

By and byhistorical collation we talked about what we better do, and found there warn’t noemendation way but just to go along down with the raft till we got a chance to buy a canoe to go back in. We warn’t going to borrow it [begin page 130] when there warn’t anybody around, the way papemendation would do, for that mightemendation set people after us.

So wehistorical collation shoved out, after dark, onalteration in the MS the raft.

Anybody that don’talteration in the MS believe,historical collation yet, that it’semendation foolishness to handle a snake-skin, afteralteration in the MS all that that snake-skin done for us, will believe it now, if they reademendation on and see what more it done for us.emendation

The place to buy canoes is off of rafts laying up at shore. But we didn’t see noemendation rafts laying up; soemendation we went along,historical collation during three hours and more. Well, the night got grayhistorical collation and ruther thick, which is the next meanest thing to fog. You can’t tell the shape of the river, and you can’t see no distance. It got to be very late and still, and then along comes a steamboathistorical collation up the river. We lit the lantern,historical collation and judged she would see it. Up-streamemendation boats didn’t generlyemendation come close to us; they go out and follow the bars and hunt for easy water under the reefs; but nights like this they bull right up the channel against the whole river.

We could hear her pounding along, but we didn’t see her good till she was close. She aimed right for us. Often they do thathistorical collation and try to see how close they can come without touching; sometimes the wheel bites off a sweep, and then the pilot sticks his head out and laughshistorical collation and thinks he’semendation mighty smart. Well, here she comeshistorical collation and we said she was going to try to shave usexplanatory note;alteration in the MS but she didn’t seemalteration in the MS to be sheering off a bit. She was a big onehistorical collation and she was coming in a hurry, too—historical collationlooking like a blackemendation cloud with rows of glow-wormsemendation around it; but all of a sudden she bulged out, big and scaryemendation, with a long row of wide-open furnace-doorshistorical collation shiningalteration in the MS like red-hot teeth, and her monstrous bows and guards hanging right over us. Thereemendation was a yell at us,alteration in the MS and a jingling of bells to stop the engines, a pow-wowemendation of cussing, and whistling of steam—and as Jim went overboardemendation on one side and I on the other, she comealteration in the MS smashing straightemendation through the raftemendation.

Iemendation dived—and I aimed to find the bottomexplanatory note, too, for a thirty-foot wheel had got to go over mehistorical collation and I wanted it to have plenty of room. I could always stay under wateremendation a minute; this time I reckon I staid under water a minute and a half. Then I bounced for the top in a hurry, for I was nearly busting. Iemendation popped out to my arm-pits and blowed the water out of my nosehistorical collation and puffed a bit. Of course there was a booming current; and of course that boat started her engines again ten seconds after she stopped them, for they never cared much [begin page 131] for raftsmenhistorical collation; so now she was churning along up the river, out of sight in the thick weatheremendation, though I could hear her.

I sung out for Jim about a dozen times, but I didn’t get any answer,historical collation so I grabbed a plank that touched me while I was “treading water,”emendation and struck outalteration in the MS foralteration in the MS shore, shoving it ahead of me. But I made out to see that the drift of the current was towardshistorical collation the left-hand shore, whichalteration in the MS meant that I was in a crossing; so I changed off and went that way.

It was one of these long, slanting, two-mile crossings; so I was a good long time inemendation getting over. Iemendation made a safe landinghistorical collation explanatory note and clumbhistorical collation up the bank. I couldn’t see but a little ways, but I went poking along over rough ground for a quarter of a mile or more, and then I run across a big old-fashionedemendation double log house before I noticed it. I was going to rush by and get away, but a lot of dogs jumped out and went to howling and barking at mehistorical collation and I knowed better than to move another peg.

climbing up the bank.

Historical Collation Chapter XVI.
  out, (MS1a)  ●  out  (A) 
  wigwams (MS1a)  ●  wig-  | wams (A) 
  flag pole (MS1a)  ●  flag-  | pole (A) 
  wide (MS1a)  ●  wide, (A) 
  it, (MS1a)  ●  it  (A) 
  trading scow (MS1a)  ●  trading-scow (A) 
  wouldn’t (MS1a)  ●  would n’t (LoM) 
  listen (MS1a)  ●  listen, (LoM) 
  whisky (MS1a)  ●  whiskey (LoM) 
  nigger; (MS1a)  ●  nigger: (LoM) 
  her (MS1a)  ●  her, (LoM) 
  middle. Then (MS1a)  ●  middle, then (LoM) 
  deck, (MS1a)  ●  deck  (LoM) 
  rough looking (MS1a)  ●  rough-  | looking (LoM) 
  warn’t (MS1a)  ●  was n’t (LoM) 
  parlor, (MS1a)  ●  parlor  (LoM) 
  begun: (MS1a)  ●  begun:— (LoM) 
  rilay - - - - e (MS1a)  ●  rilay - - - e (LoM) 
  O (MS1a)  ●  Oh (LoM) 
  rest;” and (MS1a)  ●  rest.” And (LoM) 
  says: (MS1a)  ●  says:— (LoM) 
  he’s (MS1a)  ●  he ’s (LoM) 
  chawin-up’s (MS1a)  ●  chawin-up ’s (LoM) 
  out: (MS1a)  ●  out:— (LoM) 
  I’m (MS1a)  ●  I ’m (LoM) 
  I’m (MS1a)  ●  I ’m (LoM) 
  whisky (MS1a)  ●  whiskey (LoM) 
  I’m (MS1a)  ●  I ’m (LoM) 
  rattlesnakes (MS1a)  ●  rattle-  | snakes (LoM) 
  I’m (MS1a)  ●  I ’m (LoM) 
  stand (MS1a)  ●  Stand (LoM) 
  Blood’s (MS1a)  ●  Blood ’s (LoM) 
  low, (MS1a)  ●  low  (LoM) 
  I’m (MS1a)  ●  I ’m (LoM) 
  wristbands (MS1a)  ●  wrist-bands (LoM) 
  saying (MS1a)  ●  saying, (LoM) 
  I’m (MS1a)  ●  I ’m (LoM) 
  bent, (MS1a)  ●  bent  (LoM) 
  Bow (MS1a)  ●  bow (LoM) 
  sorrow’s (MS1a)  ●  sorrow ’s (LoM) 
  I’m (MS1a)  ●  I ’m (LoM) 
  don’t (MS1a)  ●  Don’t (LoM) 
  gentlemen (MS1a)  ●  gentle-  | men (LoM) 
  I’m (MS1a)  ●  I ’m (LoM) 
  ocean (MS1a)  ●  Ocean (LoM) 
  I’m (MS1a)  ●  I ’m (LoM) 
  I’m (MS1a)  ●  I ’m (LoM) 
  I’m (MS1a)  ●  I ’m (LoM) 
  I’m (MS1a)  ●  I ’m (LoM) 
  [¶] He (MS1a)  ●  no He (LoM) 
  Bow (MS1a)  ●  bow (LoM) 
  Calamity’s (MS1a)  ●  calamity’s (LoM) 
  again; (MS1a)  ●  again: (LoM) 
  warn’t (MS1a)  ●  war n’t (LoM) 
  was, (MS1a)  ●  was  (LoM) 
  says: (MS1a)  ●  says:— (LoM) 
  I’ll (MS1a)  ●  I ’ll (LoM) 
  warn’t (MS1a)  ●  war n’t (LoM) 
  [¶] Well (MS1a)  ●  no Well (LoM) 
  river, (MS1a)  ●  river; (LoM) 
  after sweeps (MS1a)  ●  after-sweeps (LoM) 
  finished (MS1a)  ●  finished, (LoM) 
  [¶] Next (MS1a)  ●  no Next (LoM) 
  Juba (MS1a)  ●  juba (LoM) 
  Jolly (MS1a)  ●  jolly (LoM) 
  clear-water (MS1a)  ●  clear-  | water (LoM) 
  Ed, (MS1a)  ●  Ed  (LoM) 
  warn’t (MS1a)  ●  war n’t (LoM) 
  than (MS1a)  ●  then (LoM) 
  says: (MS1a)  ●  says:— (LoM) 
  It’s (MS1a)  ●  It ’s (LoM) 
  didn’t (MS1a)  ●  did n’t (LoM) 
  you’ll (MS1a)  ●  you ’ll (LoM) 
  [¶] Then (MS1a)  ●  no Then (LoM) 
  says: (MS1a)  ●  says:— (LoM) 
  you’ve (MS1a)  ●  you ’ve (LoM) 
  setting (MS1a)  ●  sitting (LoM) 
  says, (MS1a)  ●  says,— (LoM) 
  no ‘Why (MS1a)  ●  [¶] “ ‘Why (LoM) 
  no ‘Yes (MS1a)  ●  [¶] “ ‘Yes (LoM) 
  says, (MS1a)  ●  says,— (LoM) 
  no ‘I (MS1a)  ●  [¶] “ ‘I (LoM) 
  we’d (MS1a)  ●  we ’d (LoM) 
  says, (MS1a)  ●  says,— (LoM) 
  no ‘I (MS1a)  ●  [¶] “ ‘I (LoM) 
  hour,’ (MS1a)  ●  hour,’— (LoM) 
  she’s (MS1a)  ●  she ’s (LoM) 
  groan (MS1a)  ●  groan, (LoM) 
  says, (MS1a)  ●  says,— (LoM) 
  no ‘I’ve (MS1a)  ●  [¶] “ ‘I’ve (LoM) 
  says; (MS1a)  ●  says, (LoM) 
  quit, (MS1a)  ●  quit  (LoM) 
  mayn’t (MS1a)  ●  may n’t (LoM) 
  says, (MS1a)  ●  says,— (LoM) 
  no ‘What’s (MS1a)  ●  [¶] “ ‘What ’s (LoM) 
  pettish, (MS1a)  ●  pettish,— (LoM) 
  no “Tain’t (MS1a)  ●  [¶] “ ’Tain’t (LoM) 
  no ‘An (MS1a)  ●  [¶] “ ‘An (LoM) 
  it’s (MS1a)  ●  it ’s (LoM) 
  says, (MS1a)  ●  says,— (LoM) 
  no ‘I (MS1a)  ●  [¶] “ ‘I (LoM) 
  bar’l; (MS1a)  ●  bar’l, (LoM) 
  no ‘Yes (MS1a)  ●  [¶] “ ‘Yes (LoM) 
  be; (MS1a)  ●  be, (LoM) 
  hadn’t (MS1a)  ●  had n’t (LoM) 
  says, (MS1a)  ●  says,— (LoM) 
  no ‘Why (MS1a)  ●  [¶] “ ‘Why (LoM) 
  thing’s (MS1a)  ●  thing ’s (LoM) 
  no He (MS1a)  ●  [¶] “He (LoM) 
  and by George (MS1a)  ●  and, by George, (LoM) 
  [¶] “Says (MS1a)  ●  no Says (LoM) 
  I, (MS1a)  ●  I,— (LoM) 
  no ‘Dick (MS1a)  ●  [¶] “ ‘Dick (LoM) 
  he, (MS1a)  ●  he,— (LoM) 
  no ‘I (MS1a)  ●  [¶] “ ‘I (LoM) 
  I, (MS1a)  ●  I,— (LoM) 
  no ‘You (MS1a)  ●  [¶] “ ‘You (LoM) 
  says, (MS1a)  ●  says,— (LoM) 
  no ‘Well (MS1a)  ●  [¶] “ ‘Well (LoM) 
  I’ve (MS1a)  ●  I ’ve (LoM) 
  it’s (MS1a)  ●  it ’s (LoM) 
  ha’nted (MS1a)  ●  hanted (LoM) 
  no I (MS1a)  ●  [¶] “I (LoM) 
  watch (MS1a)  ●  watch, (LoM) 
  didn’t (MS1a)  ●  did n’t (LoM) 
  didn’t (MS1a)  ●  did n’t (LoM) 
  didn’t (MS1a)  ●  did n’t (LoM) 
  was; he (MS1a)  ●  was. He (LoM) 
  didn’t (MS1a)  ●  did n’t (LoM) 
  didn’t (MS1a)  ●  did n’t (LoM) 
  warn’t (MS1a)  ●  war n’t (LoM) 
  warn’t (MS1a)  ●  war n’t (LoM) 
  didn’t (MS1a)  ●  did n’t (LoM) 
  didn’t (MS1a)  ●  did n’t (LoM) 
  Well (MS1a)  ●  Well, (LoM) 
  ancle (MS1a)  ●  ankle (LoM) 
  bad (MS1a)  ●  that (LoM) 
  bar’l, (MS1a)  ●  bar’l  (LoM) 
  lookout (MS1a)  ●  look-out (LoM) 
  couldn’t (MS1a)  ●  could n’t (LoM) 
  warn’t (MS1a)  ●  war n’t (LoM) 
  half past (MS1a)  ●  half-past (LoM) 
  warn’t (MS1a)  ●  war n’t (LoM) 
  couldn’t (MS1a)  ●  could n’t (LoM) 
  ancle (MS1a)  ●  ankle, (LoM) 
  left, (MS1a)  ●  left  (LoM) 
  alone. Not (MS1a)  ●  alone,—not (LoM) 
  usual (MS1a)  ●  usual, (LoM) 
  together, (MS1a)  ●  together,— (LoM) 
  didn’t (MS1a)  ●  did n’t (LoM) 
  didn’t (MS1a)  ●  did n’t (LoM) 
  forrard, (MS1a)  ●  forrard; (LoM) 
  day, (MS1a)  ●  day; (LoM) 
  go (MS1a)  ●  go, (LoM) 
  ancles (MS1a)  ●  ankles (LoM) 
  wouldn’t (MS1a)  ●  would n’t (LoM) 
  watch (MS1a)  ●  watch, (LoM) 
  left, (MS1a)  ●  left  (LoM) 
  Well (MS1a)  ●  Well, (LoM) 
  wouldn’t (MS1a)  ●  would n’t (LoM) 
  a sweep (MS1a)  ●  sweep (LoM Pr)  the sweeps (LoM) 
  wouldn’t (MS1a)  ●  would n’t (LoM) 
  didn’t (MS1a)  ●  did n’t (LoM) 
  again, (MS1a)  ●  again; (LoM) 
  trips (MS1a)  ●  trips, (LoM) 
  let’s (MS1a)  ●  let ’s (LoM) 
  when (MS1a)  ●  when, (LoM) 
  says: (MS1a)  ●  says:— (LoM) 
  no ‘Boys (MS1a)  ●  [¶] “ ‘Boys (LoM) 
  how’s (MS1a)  ●  how ’s (LoM) 
  up—that’s (MS1a)  ●  up,—that’s (LoM) 
  I’m (MS1a)  ●  I ’m (LoM) 
  no ‘Yes (MS1a)  ●  [¶] “ ‘Yes (LoM) 
  a leaning (MS1a)  ●  a-leaning (LoM) 
  Yes (MS1a)  ●  yes (LoM) 
  he—for (MS1a)  ●  he,—for (LoM) 
  j’int (MS1a)  ●  jint (LoM) 
  it, (MS1a)  ●  it,— (LoM) 
  lie, (MS1a)  ●  lie,— (LoM) 
  rafting, (MS1a)  ●  rafting; (LoM) 
  didn’t (MS1a)  ●  did n’t (LoM) 
  night— (MS1a)  ●  night,— (LoM) 
  that, (MS1a)  ●  that,— (LoM) 
  overboard (MS1a)  ●  over- | board (LoM) 
  Allbright, (MS1a)  ●  Allbright  (LoM) 
  keep, (MS1a)  ●  keep  (LoM) 
  It done it, (MS1a)  ●  It done it  (LoM) 
  though, (MS1a)  ●  though  (LoM) 
  that’s (MS1a)  ●  that ’s (LoM) 
  we’ll (MS1a)  ●  we ’ll (LoM) 
  Thar’s (MS1a)  ●  Thar ’s (LoM) 
  him (MS1a)  ●  him, (LoM) 
  we’ll (MS1a)  ●  we ’ll (LoM) 
  Calamity, (MS1a)  ●  Calamity; (LoM) 
  there’s (MS1a)  ●  there ’s (LoM) 
  says: (MS1a)  ●  says:— (LoM) 
  paint pot (MS1a)  ●  paint-pot (LoM) 
  That’s (MS1a)  ●  that’s (LoM) 
  Davy (MS1a)  ●  Davy, (LoM) 
  says: (MS1a)  ●  says:— (LoM) 
  He’s (MS1a)  ●  He ’s (LoM) 
  I’ll (MS1a)  ●  I ’ll (LoM) 
  he (MS1a)  ●  I (LoM) 
  paint (MS1a)  ●  paint, (LoM) 
  didn’t (MS1a)  ●  did n’t (LoM) 
  you’re (MS1a)  ●  you ’re (LoM) 
  I’m (MS1a)  ●  I ’m (LoM) 
  O (MS1a)  ●  Oh (LoM) 
  What’s (MS1a)  ●  What ’s (LoM) 
  warn’t (MS1a)  ●  war n’t (LoM) 
  didn’t (MS1a)  ●  did n’t (LoM) 
  says: (MS1a)  ●  says:— (LoM) 
  couldn’t (MS1a)  ●  could n’t (LoM) 
  O (MS1a)  ●  Oh (LoM) 
  it’s (MS1a)  ●  it ’s (LoM) 
  O (MS1a)  ●  Oh (LoM) 
  Now (MS1a)  ●  Now, (LoM) 
  you’re (MS1a)  ●  you ’re (LoM) 
  warn’t (MS1a)  ●  war n’t (LoM) 
  It’s (MS1a)  ●  It ’s (LoM) 
  you’re (MS1a)  ●  you ’re (LoM) 
  hide, (MS1a)  ●  hide  (LoM) 
  Overboard (MS1a)  ●  Over- | board (LoM) 
  didn’t (MS1a)  ●  did n’t (LoM) 
  But . . . again. (MS1a LoM)  ●  not in  (A) 
  nothing (A)  ●  anything (MS1a) 
  do now (MS1a)  ●  do, now, (A) 
  town (MS1a)  ●  town, (A) 
  jack-o’-lanterns (MS1a)  ●  Jack-o-lanterns (A) 
  lightning bugs (MS1a)  ●  lightning-bugs (A) 
  rest, (MS1a)  ●  rest; (A) 
  before (MS1a)  ●  before, (A) 
  ‘But (MS1a)  ●  “But (A) 
  freedom (MS1a)  ●  freedom, (A) 
  somebody.’ (MS1a)  ●  somebody.” (A) 
  no way (MS1a)  ●  noway (A) 
  ‘What (MS1a)  ●  “What (A) 
  Why (MS1a)  ●  Why, (A) 
  done.’ (MS1a)  ●  done.” (A) 
  says (MS1a)  ●  says, (A) 
  ‘Dah’s Cairo!’ (MS1a)  ●  “Dah’s Cairo!” (A) 
  children; (MS1a)  ●  children, (A) 
  ab’litionist (MS1a)  ●  Ab’litionist (A) 
  ‘Give (MS1a)  ●  “give (A) 
  ell.’ (MS1a)  ●  ell.” (A) 
  ‘Let (MS1a)  ●  “Let (A) 
  light (MS1a)  ●  light, (A) 
  tell.’ (MS1a)  ●  tell.” (A) 
  easy (MS1a)  ●  easy, (A) 
  happy (MS1a)  ●  happy, (A) 
  feather (MS1a)  ●  feather, (A) 
  light (MS1a)  ●  light, (A) 
  By and by (MS1a)  ●  By-and-by (A) 
  las’ (MS1a)  ●  las’, (A) 
  off (MS1a)  ●  off, (A) 
  got, (MS1a)  ●  got  (A) 
  slow, (MS1a)  ●  slow  (A) 
  off, (MS1a)  ●  off  (A) 
  white, (MS1a)  ●  white  (A) 
  up, (MS1a)  ●  up  (A) 
  We’re (MS1a)  ●  we’re (A) 
  Pap ’ll (MS1a)  ●  Pap’ll (A) 
  ashore (MS1a)  ●  ashore, (A) 
  gentlemen (MS1a)  ●  gentle- | men (A) 
  left hand (MS1a)  ●  left-hand (A) 
  again (MS1a)  ●  again, (A) 
  wood yard (MS1a)  ●  wood-yard (A) 
  twenty-dollar (MS1a)  ●  twenty dollar (A) 
  told you (MS1a)  ●  told you, (A) 
  sight, (MS1a)  ●  sight  (A) 
  stern-oar (MS1a)  ●  stern oar (A) 
  bundles (MS1a)  ●  bundles, (A) 
  No (MS1a)  ●  no (A) 
  daylight (MS1a)  ●  daylight, (A) 
  less (MS1a)  ●  less’ (A) 
  its (MS1a)  ●  it’s (A) 
  up stream (MS1a)  ●  up the stream (A) 
  dark (MS1a)  ●  dark, (A) 
  cottonwood (MS1a)  ●  cotton-wood (A) 
  rattlesnake (MS1a)  ●  rattle-snake (A) 
  By and by (MS1a)  ●  By-and-by (A) 
  So we (MS1a A)  ●  We (Cent) 
  believe, (MS1a)  ●  believe  (A) 
  along, (MS1a)  ●  along  (A Cent) 
  gray (MS1a)  ●  gray, (A Cent) 
  steamboat (MS1a A)  ●  steam-boat (Cent) 
  lantern, (MS1a A)  ●  lantern  (Cent) 
  that (MS1a A)  ●  that, (Cent) 
  laughs (MS1a)  ●  laughs, (A Cent) 
  comes (MS1a)  ●  comes, (A Cent) 
  one (MS1a)  ●  one, (A Cent) 
  too— (MS1a)  ●  too, (A Cent) 
  furnace-doors (MS1a)  ●  furnace doors (A Cent) 
  me (MS1a)  ●  me, (A Cent) 
  nose (MS1a)  ●  nose, (A Cent) 
  raftsmen (MS1a Cent)  ●  rafts- | men (A) 
  answer, (MS1a)  ●  answer; (A Cent) 
  towards (MS1a A)  ●  toward (Cent) 
  landing (MS1a Cent)  ●  landing, (A) 
  clumb (MS1a)  ●  clum (A Cent) 
  me (MS1a)  ●  me, (A Cent) 
Editorial Emendations Chapter XVI.
  amounted  (C)  ●  not in  (MS1a)  amounted  (A) 
  Chapter XVI. (A)  ●  CHAP. (MS1a) 
  amounted  (C)  ●  not in  (MS1a)  amounted  (A) 
  most (A)  ●  pretty much (MS1a) 
  raftsman (A)  ●  rafts-  | man (MS1a) 
  pap (A)  ●  Pap (MS1a) 
  out (LoM)  ●  out; so we hadn’t gone more than about four hundred yards before I got tired of it and wanted to think up some other way (MS1a) 
  resk (C)  ●  risk (MS1a LoM) 
  down  (C)  ●  not in  (MS1a LoM) 
  cautious. But (LoM)  ●  cautious.— |  But (MS1a) 
  fire. There (LoM)  ●  fire.— |  There (MS1a) 
  anyway (LoM)  ●  any-  | way (MS1a) 
  was (LoM)  ●  one (MS1a) 
  wed’l. extra line space Singing (LoM)  ●  wed’l.  |  Singing (MS1a) 
  Whoo-oop (LoM)  ●  Whoop (MS1a) 
  brass-mounted (LoM)  ●  brass-  | mounted (MS1a) 
  Arkansaw! Look (C)  ●  Arkansaw!— |  Look  (MS1a)  Arkansaw!—Look (LoM) 
  earthquake (LoM)  ●  arthquake (MS1a) 
  me! I (LoM)  ●  me!— ||  I (MS1a) 
  glance (MS1a)  ●  glance, (LoM) 
  Whoo-oop (LoM)  ●  Whoop (MS1a) 
  gentlemen (LoM)  ●  gentle-  | men (MS1a) 
  ’bout (C)  ●  about (MS1a)  bout (LoM) 
  little  (C)  ●  not in  (MS1a LoM) 
  whoo-oop (LoM)  ●  Whoop (MS1a) 
  south (LoM)  ●  hind (MS1a) 
  cheer) (MS1a)  ●  cheer), (LoM) 
  this: (MS1a)  ●  this:— (LoM) 
  [¶] “Whoo-oop (C)  ●  [¶] “Whoop (MS1a)  flush left “Whoo-oop (LoM) 
  whoo-oop (LoM)  ●  Whoop (MS1a) 
  get (LoM)  ●  git (MS1a) 
  bile (LoM)  ●  b’ile (MS1a) 
  Whoo-oop (C)  ●  Whoop (MS1a)  Whoo-  || oop (LoM) 
  crumble (LoM)  ●  disturb/crumble  (MS1a) 
  biler-iron (LoM)  ●  b’iler-  | iron (MS1a) 
  bowels (LoM)  ●  bowels/innards  (MS1a) 
  great American desert (LoM)  ●  Great American Desert (MS1a) 
  shouted (LoM)  ●  shouts (MS1a) 
  Whoo-oop (LoM)  ●  Whoop (MS1a) 
  a-coming (LoM)  ●  coming (MS1a) 
  chicken-livered (LoM)  ●  chicken-  | livered (MS1a) 
  again (LoM)  ●  agin (MS1a) 
  old-fashioned (LoM)  ●  old-  | fashioned (MS1a) 
  again. [¶] They (LoM)  ●  again.  ||  CHAP. [¶] They (MS1a) 
  muddy-water (LoM)  ●  muddy-water water (MS1a) 
  three-quarters (C)  ●  three-  | quarters (MS1a)  three quarters (LoM) 
  be. [¶] The (LoM)  ●  be.— |  [¶] The (MS1a) 
  nutritiousness (LoM)  ●  nutriciousness (MS1a) 
  graveyards (LoM)  ●  grave  |  yards (MS1a) 
  account (LoM)  ●  accounts (MS1a) 
  mile (LoM)  ●  miles (MS1a) 
  yourselves? Now (LoM)  ●  yourselves?— |  Now (MS1a) 
  years (LoM)  ●  year (MS1a) 
  just after midnight, (C)  ●  just after mid-  | night, (MS1a)  not in  (LoM) 
  on (LoM)  ●  in (MS1a) 
  says. [¶] “Well (LoM)  ●  says.— |  [¶] “Well (MS1a) 
  eyes. How (LoM)  ●  eyes.— |  How (MS1a) 
  bar’l? (LoM)  ●  bar’l. (MS1a) 
  I (LoM)  ●  I  (MS1a) 
  mile (LoM)  ●  mild (MS1a) 
  Allbright.’ (LoM)  ●  Allbright.  (MS1a) 
  says (LoM)  ●  say (MS1a) 
  “So (LoM)  ●  So (MS1a) 
  running (LoM)  ●  runing (MS1a) 
  side. There (LoM)  ●  side.— |  There (MS1a) 
  you? Why (LoM)  ●  you?— |  Why (MS1a) 
  sprained their ancles!  (C)  ●  sprained their ancles! (MS1a)  sprained their ankles!  (LoM) 
  betwixt (LoM)  ●  between (MS1a) 
  breakfast (LoM)  ●  break- | fast (MS1a) 
  threes, (LoM)  ●  threes  (MS1a) 
  it! (LoM)  ●  it. (MS1a) 
  naked (LoM)  ●  naked dead (MS1a) 
  agoing (C)  ●  a-going (MS1a LoM) 
  overboard (C)  ●  over- | board (MS1a)  overboard, (LoM) 
  them statistics (LoM)  ●  that yarn (MS1a) 
  both (LoM)  ●  both  (MS1a) 
  you’d (C)  ●  you (MS1a)  you ’d (LoM) 
  pale? (LoM)  ●  pale, (MS1a) 
  mile. [¶] “Boys (LoM)  ●  mile.  ||  CHAP. [¶] “Boys (MS1a) 
  watermelon (LoM)  ●  water melon (MS1a) 
  are (LoM)  ●  not in  (MS1a) 
  began (LoM)  ●  begun (MS1a) 
  trembling. They (LoM)  ●  trembling.— |  They (MS1a) 
  Big Bob (LoM)  ●  big Bob (MS1a) 
  that (LoM)  ●  that that (MS1a) 
  and (LoM)  ●  but (MS1a) 
  have you been (LoM)  ●  you ben (MS1a) 
  get (LoM)  ●  git (MS1a) 
  wild. Honest (LoM)  ●  wild.— ||  Honest (MS1a) 
  talking! (LoM)  ●  talking!  (MS1a) 
  didn’t. It (C)  ●  did n’t.— |  It (MS1a)  didn’t.—It (LoM) 
  kind (LoM)  ●  kinds (MS1a) 
  way. Blast (C)  ●  way.— |  Blast (MS1a)  way.—Blast (LoM) 
  raftsmen (LoM)  ●  rafts- | men (MS1a) 
  were (LoM)  ●  was (MS1a) 
  overboard (LoM)  ●  over- | board (MS1a) 
  again. [¶] I . . . sorry. There (C)  ●  again.  ||  CHAP. [¶] I . . . sorry. There (MS1a)  [¶] There (A)  again. (LoM) 
  he’d (A)  ●  he would (MS1a) 
  he’d (A)  ●  he would (MS1a) 
  seen (A)  ●  saw (MS1a) 
  he’d (A)  ●  he would (MS1a) 
  jumps (A)  ●  jumped (MS1a) 
  warn’t (A)  ●  wasn’t (MS1a) 
  it? Why (A)  ●  it?— |  Why (MS1a) 
  conscience, no how nor no way (A)  ●  conscience (MS1a) 
  I warn’t (A)  ●  I warn’t (MS1a) 
  didn’t run (A)  ●  warn’t running (MS1a) 
  no (A)  ●  any (MS1a) 
  a (A)  ●  I was (MS1a) 
  to buy (A)  ●  and buy (MS1a) 
  they’d (A)  ●  they would (MS1a) 
  flat-footed (A)  ●  flat-  | footed (MS1a) 
  know; (A)  ●  know— (MS1a) 
  until (A)  ●  till (MS1a) 
  says to it, (A)  ●  says, to it (MS1a) 
  jis’ (C)  ●  jes’ (MS1a)  jis (A) 
  know.” (A)  ●  know.” [¶] “Dat’s so, Huck. A body can’t be too keerful. I’ll float along en wait. But it’s Cairo, I jes’ knows it is.” (MS1a) 
  Pooty (A)  ●  Putty (MS1a) 
  a-shout’n (A)  ●  a-shoutin’ (MS1a) 
  o’ (A)  ●  of (MS1a) 
  ever (A)  ●  never (MS1a) 
  ef (A)  ●  if (MS1a) 
  hadn’ (A)  ●  hadn’t (MS1a) 
  Jim won’t ever (A)  ●  I shan’t nuvver (MS1a) 
  Jim’s (A)  ●  I’s (MS1a) 
  this (MS1a)  ●  this, (A) 
  on’y (A)  ●  only (MS1a) 
  I says (A)  ●  says I (MS1a) 
  I can’t get out  (A)  ●  how can I git out (MS1a) 
  What’s (A)  ●  What is (MS1a) 
  enough—hadn’t the spunk of a rabbit (A)  ●  enough; I couldn’t bear it, I hadn’t the heart to do it (MS1a) 
  pap (A)  ●  Pap (MS1a) 
  mam (A)  ●  Mam (MS1a) 
  obleeged (A)  ●  obliged (MS1a) 
  lie. What (A)  ●  lie.— |  What (MS1a) 
  don’t (A)  ●  don’t  (MS1a) 
  Well,” says I, a-blubbering, “I’ve (A)  ●  Well, I’ve (MS1a) 
  Look here (A)  ●  Looky-here (MS1a) 
  miles (A)  ●  mile (MS1a) 
  miles (A)  ●  mile (MS1a) 
  by. I (A)  ●  by.— |  I (MS1a) 
  Good-bye (A)  ●  Good- |  bye (MS1a) 
  got (A)  ●  hopped (MS1a) 
  feeling . . . time. (A)  ●  saying to myself, I’ve done wrong again, and was trying as hard as I could to do right, too; but when it come right down to telling them it was a nigger on the raft, and I opened my mouth a-purpose to do it, I couldn’t. I am a mean, low coward, and it’s the fault of them that brung me up. If I had been raised right, I wouldn’t said anything about anybody being sick, but the more I try to do right, the more I can’t. I reckon I won’t ever try again, because it ain’t no sort of use and only makes me feel bad. From this out I mean to do everything as wrong as I can do it, and just go straight to the dogs and done with it. I don’t see why people’s put here, anyway. (MS1a) 
  wigwam (A)  ●  wig- | wam (MS1a) 
  river (A)  ●  riber (MS1a) 
  Huck! (A)  ●  Huck. (MS1a) 
  wuz  (A)  ●  was  (MS1a) 
  smartes’ (A)  ●  smartest (MS1a) 
  forgit (A)  ●  fogit (MS1a) 
  “here  (C)  ●  not in  (MS1a)  ‘here  (A) 
  steamboat, (MS1a)  ●  steamboat  (A) 
  bend. [¶] I (A)  ●  bend.  ||  CHAP. [¶] I (MS1a) 
  blame’ (A)  ●  blamed (MS1a) 
  botherin’ (A)  ●  bothering (MS1a) 
  paddled (A)  ●  paddled back (MS1a) 
  awful (A)  ●  dreadful (MS1a) 
  again; but (A)  ●  again. But (MS1a) 
  Doan’ (A)  ●  Don’t (MS1a) 
  luck. I (A)  ●  luck.— |  I (MS1a) 
  awluz (A)  ●  always (MS1a) 
  didn’ (A)  ●  didn’t (MS1a) 
  yo’self (A)  ●  yousef (MS1a) 
  daylight (A)  ●  day- | light (MS1a) 
  Muddy! (A)  ●  muddy. (MS1a) 
  no (A)  ●  any (MS1a) 
  look (A)  ●  seem (MS1a) 
  no (A)  ●  any (MS1a) 
  pap (A)  ●  Pap (MS1a) 
  might (A)  ●  would (MS1a) 
  it’s (A)  ●  it is (MS1a) 
  read (A)  ●  will read (MS1a) 
  Anybody . . . us. (MS1a A)  ●  not in  (Cent) 
  no (A Cent)  ●  any (MS1a) 
  up; so (A Cent)  ●  up as (MS1a) 
  Up-stream (A Cent)  ●  Up- | stream (MS1a) 
  generly (A Cent)  ●  generally (MS1a) 
  he’s (A Cent)  ●  he is (MS1a) 
  black (A Cent)  ●  dull (MS1a) 
  glow-worms (A Cent)  ●  dim glow-worms (MS1a) 
  scary (A Cent)  ●  black (MS1a) 
  us. There (A Cent)  ●  us.— |  There (MS1a) 
  pow-wow (A Cent)  ●  pow- | wow (MS1a) 
  overboard (A Cent)  ●  over- | board (MS1a) 
  straight (A Cent)  ●  not in  (MS1a) 
  raft (A Cent)  ●  raft and tore it to tooth-picks and splinters (MS1a) 
  [¶] I (A Cent)  ●  no I (MS1a) 
  water (A Cent)  ●  not in  (MS1a) 
  busting. I (A Cent)  ●  bursting.— |  I (MS1a) 
  weather (A Cent)  ●  not in  (MS1a) 
  “treading water,” (A)  ●  “treading water” (MS1a)  treading water,  (Cent) 
  in (A Cent)  ●  not in  (MS1a) 
  over. I (A Cent)  ●  over.— |  I (MS1a) 
  old-fashioned (A Cent)  ●  old fashioned (MS1a) 
Alterations in the Manuscript Chapter XVI.
  amounted] originally ‘amounted’; the underline added in pencil.
 something] followed by a canceled comma.
 behind,] originally ‘behind me,’; ‘me,’ canceled and the comma following ‘behind’ added.
 it was] follows canceled ‘that’.
 he is] originally ‘his s’; ‘e is’ written over wiped-out ‘is s’.
 be . . . go] interlined above canceled ‘go’.
 plan] follows canceled ‘sensible’.
 when] followed by canceled ‘a bo’.
 they was] originally ‘the off’; ‘the’ altered to ‘they’; ‘was’ written over wiped-out ‘off’.
 dwed’l] second ‘d’ written over wiped-out ‘l’.
 Singing] follows canceled ‘Singing toorol loorol loorol.’
 verse] followed by canceled ‘they’.
 take] ‘ke’ written over wiped-out ‘l’.
 They was] originally ‘The biggest’; ‘The’ altered to ‘They’; ‘was’ written over wiped-out ‘biggest’.
 the] follows canceled ‘the’.
 take] interlined above canceled ‘eat’.
 nineteen] originally ‘nineteent’; the second ‘t’ wiped out.
 bar’l] originally ‘barrel’; the apostrophe added above canceled ‘re’.
 whisky] the ‘i’ added.
 squench] interlined above canceled ‘drown’.
 and] interlined.
 a] written over wiped-out ‘an’.
 tilted . . . hat] originally ‘picked it u’; ‘it u’ canceled and ‘up [begin page 1039] his hat’ added; then, apparently, ‘picked up’ canceled and ‘took’ interlined; then ‘hat’ canceled and ‘old slouch hat and set it on top of his head and tilted it’ added; and finally ‘took . . . head and’ canceled and ‘his old slouch hat’ interlined above canceled ‘it’.
 his back sagged and] interlined.
 his fists a-shoving] ‘his’ added and ‘fists a-’ interlined.
 sorrow’s] appears to have been originally ‘sorrow is’;’ ‘s’ written over wiped-out ‘is’.
 for a seine,] interlined.
 lightning] written over wiped-out ‘thunder’.
 thunder] follows canceled ‘thun’, which was written over wiped-out ‘h’.
 thirsty] written over wiped-out ‘dry’.
 in my tracks!] interlined to replace canceled ‘after me!’.
 crumble] alternate reading: interlined without a caret above uncanceled ‘disturb’ (emended).
 bowels] alternate reading: ‘innards’ interlined in pencil without a caret below uncanceled ‘bowels’ (emended).
 The] follows canceled ‘Massacres’.
 destruction] originally ‘destructions’; final ‘s’ wiped out.
 premises!”] originally ‘prit’; ‘e’ written over wiped-out ‘it’; ‘premises!’ originally followed by canceled ‘Bow your neck and spread, for the pet child of Calamity’s a-coming!” ‘; ‘Whoop!’ interlined preceding ‘Bow’; ‘Whoop . . . a-coming!” ’ canceled and the closing quotation marks added following ‘premises!’.
 out:] the colon written over a wiped-out semicolon.
 “Whoo-oop! Bow] the MS reads ‘ “Whoop! Bow’ (emended); originally [¶] ‘ “ ’; ‘ “Whoop!’ added to run on and ‘Bow’ written over wiped-out opening quotation marks.
 Calamity’s] follows canceled ‘Cal’.
 next] follows a canceled dash.
 Child] originally ‘child’; ‘c’ marked for capitalization with triple underlining.
 Child names] ‘Child’ originally ‘child’; ‘C’ written over ‘c’.
 next] follows canceled ‘finally Bob said’.
 Child’s] originally ‘child’s’ ‘C’ written over ‘c’.
 Bob’s] follows canceled ‘Bob’s buckskin’.
 to him] interlined; follows canceled miswritten ‘to’ in interlineation.
 black-whiskered] originally ‘black-whispered’; ‘k’ written over ‘p’.
 the Child] originally ‘Child’; ‘the’ interlined; the capitalization of ‘C’ emphasized with triple underlining.
 was] interlined above canceled ‘were’, which was written over wiped-out ‘h’.
 then] written over ‘and’.
 Bob and the Child] interlined above canceled ‘they’.
 [¶] They] follows canceled [¶] ‘They got to talking about’.
 and next] follows ‘and next about why it was best to strop a razor toward the point and a butcher knife toward the heel;’ canceled in pencil.
 of] followed by canceled ‘Mis- | ’.
 inch] ‘i’ written over ‘a’.
 mud] originally ‘mudd’ with the partly formed ‘d’ wiped out.
 and] follows canceled ‘and bring’.
 years] the MS reads ‘year’ (emended); originally ‘ya’; ‘ear’ written over wiped-out ‘a’.
 moonshiny] originally ‘moonlight’; ‘shiny’ written over wiped-out ‘light’.
 washed] originally ‘wat’; ‘shed’ written over partly formed ‘t’.
 yander] follows canceled ‘yonder’.
 off] the second ‘f’ added in pencil.
 says] follows canceled ‘I’.
 quit,] followed by canceled ‘in this’.
 stabboard] the ‘o’ interlined.
 too;] followed by canceled ‘at’.
 Allbright] originally ‘Ab’; ‘I’ inserted between the two letters; the second ‘I’ mended from ‘b’; ‘bright’ added.
 aft] originally ‘afte’; ‘e’ wiped out.
 winking] originally ‘play- | ing’; ‘play-’ canceled and ‘wink’ interlined above ‘ing’.
 warn’t] originally ‘want’; original ‘n’ reused as ‘r’; ‘n’t’ written over wiped-out ‘t’.
 “Everybody] the quotation marks added in pencil.
 “After] the quotation marks added in pencil.
 nobody sung,] follows canceled ‘and for two hours’.
 the wind . . . hurricane;] interlined.
 all] interlined.
 come] written over wiped-out ‘sid’.
 “After] interlined above canceled ‘ “Towards’.
 come,] interlined.
 whispers] interlined above canceled ‘talk’.
 stark naked] interlined.
 ‘Yes] follows canceled ‘—they’.
 scared] written over ‘a’.
 bar’l] originally ‘barrel’; the apostrophe added in pencil above canceled ‘re’.
 always] originally ‘al- | ways begun with sprained’; ‘ways . . . sprained’ canceled and ‘ways’ added.
 agoing] the MS reads ‘a-going’ (emended); follows canceled ‘g’.
 poor] written over wiped-out ‘no’.
  keep] originally ‘keep’; the underline added in pencil.
 Davy.] interlined above canceled ‘Ed.’
 though,—that’s] originally ‘though,” that’; final ‘t’ of ‘that’ partly formed; the dash and ‘that’s’ written over wiped-out quotation marks and ‘that’.
 did] follows canceled ‘have’.
 like] follows canceled ‘as’.
 Then . . . haw-hawed.] possibly added.
 mad] written over wiped-out ‘and s’.
 Child] the capitalization of ‘C’ emphasized by triple underlining.
 and] follows canceled ‘pr’.
 says] follows canceled ‘say’.
 boys—there’s] originally ‘boys. There’s’; the dash written over the period; ‘T’ of ‘There’ reduced to ‘t’.
 “less] written over wiped-out ‘ “lets’.
 Jimmy.”] followed by canceled [¶] ‘ “Now you hold on with your’.
 begun] originally ‘began’; ‘u’ interlined in pencil above canceled ‘a’.
 cry,] followed by canceled ‘and Davy says:’.
 that tetches] originally ‘that lays a hand on’; ‘that tetches’ interlined in ink above canceled ‘a hand on’; ‘lays’ canceled in pencil; original ‘that’ inadvertently left standing.
 yourself.] followed by canceled ‘What’.
 here?] the question mark written over closing quotation marks.
 you?] followed by wiped-out closing quotation marks.
 nobody] ‘od’ interlined in pencil.
 talking] the MS readstalking(emended); originally ‘talking’; the underline added in pencil.
 When] follows canceled ‘The’.
 the big] written over wiped-out ‘I swu’.
 freedom. Every] originally ‘freedom. [¶] Every’; marked to run on.
 again,] the comma mended from a period.
 couldn’t rest] ‘couldn’t’ originally ‘could not’; ‘n’t’ interlined in pencil without a caret above canceled ‘not’.
 couldn’t stay] ‘couldn’t’ originally ‘could not’; ‘n’t’ interlined in pencil without a caret above canceled ‘not’.
 ab’litionist] the apostrophe added in pencil.
 harm.] followed by canceled [¶] ‘I began to hate Jim’.
 My] follows canceled ‘I’.
 until] the MS reads ‘till’ (emended); followed by canceled ‘pretty’.
 says to it,] the MS reads ‘says, to it’ (emended); originally ‘says,’; ‘to it’ interlined in pencil following the comma.
 I’ll] ‘ ’ll’ interlined in pencil.
 sings] followed by canceled opening quotation marks.
 jis’] the MS reads ‘jes’’ (emended); originally ‘jess’; the apostrophe added in pencil over canceled ‘s’.
 mightn’t] originally ‘mighn’t’; ‘t’ added.
 

know.”] followed by a paragraph that was revised and then deleted at a later stage. The superior numbers refer to Mark Twain’s revisions, which are listed following the passage: [¶] ‘ “Dat’s so, Huck. A body can’t be too keerful. I’ll float along en1 wait. But it’s Cairo, I jes’2 knows it is.” ’ (emended).

1. en] interlined in pencil without a caret above canceled ‘and’.

2. jes’] originally ‘jess’; the apostrophe added in pencil above canceled ‘s’.

 en] interlined in pencil without a caret above canceled ‘an’’.
 en] interlined in pencil without a caret above canceled ‘an’’.
 Jim’s ever] the MS reads ‘I’s ever’ (emended); originally ‘I ever’; ‘ ’s’ added in pencil and a crosshatch mark, indicating word space, interlined between ‘s’ and ‘ever’.
 had] follows ‘has’ canceled in pencil.
 en] interlined in pencil without a caret above canceled ‘an’’.
 tuck] interlined in pencil without a caret above canceled ‘spirit’.
 Jim.”] followed by canceled [¶] ‘The promise! [¶] Somehow, that fetched me. I couldn’t do right’.
 get] the MS reads ‘git’ (emended); originally ‘get’; ‘e’ mended to ‘i’ in pencil.
 I tried . . . says—] added and revised in pencil on the verso of the MS page with instructions to turn over; replaces ‘Then I says:’ canceled in pencil on the recto (MS 374.13).
 for . . . two,] interlined in pencil; the preceding comma added.
 enough— . . . says—] the MS reads ‘enough; I couldn’t bear it, I hadn’t the heart to do it. I see I was weakening; so I just give up trying, and up and says—’ (emended); originally ‘enough. I weakened, and says:’; the period following ‘enough’ mended to a semicolon and ‘I couldn’t bear it.’ interlined; then the period following ‘it’ mended to a comma and ‘I hadn’t . . . do it,’ added to the interlineation; then a period written over the comma following ‘do it’ and ‘I weakened, and says:’ canceled; then ‘I see . . . weakening.’ added; and finally, the period following ‘weakening’ canceled and ‘; so . . . says—’ added.
 because] first ‘e’ written over wiped-out ‘l’ or ‘t’.
 paddle,] the comma mended from a period.
 two,] followed by canceled ‘one man s’.
 mean] originally ‘mead’; ‘n’ written over wiped-out ‘d’.
 father?”] the question mark and quotation marks written over a wiped-out dash.
 small-pox,] the comma added in pencil; followed by ‘my lad,’ canceled in pencil.
 we] followed by canceled ‘are’.
 me.] followed by wiped-out closing quotation marks.
 get] follows canceled ‘nab’.
 

feeling . . . time.] the MS passage was revised and then replaced at a later stage. The superior numbers refer to Mark Twain’s revisions, which are listed following the passage: ‘saying to myself, I’ve done wrong again, and was trying as hard as I could to do right, too; but when it come right down to telling them it was a nigger on the raft, and I opened my mouth a-purpose to do it, I couldn’t. I am a mean, low coward, and it’s the fault of them that brung me up. If I had been raised right, I wouldn’t said anything about anybody1 being sick, but the more I try to do right, the more I can’t. I reckon I won’t ever try again, because it ain’t no sort of use and only makes me feel bad. From this out I mean to do everything as wrong as I can do it, and just go straight to the dogs2 and done with it. I don’t see why people’s put here, anyway.’ (emended).

1. anybody] follows canceled ‘the small’.

2. dogs] interlined in pencil above canceled ‘bad place’.

 en I] ‘en’ interlined in pencil without a caret above canceled ‘an’’.
 en was] ‘en’ interlined in pencil without a caret above canceled ‘an’’.
 save’] originally ‘save’; the apostrophe added in pencil.
 twenty] written over wiped-out ‘f’.
 now,] the comma added in pencil.
 bend.] followed by canceled ‘and I went off’; the period added.
 canoe,] the comma mended from a period.
 was going] interlined above canceled ‘went’.
 day,] followed by canceled ‘and I begun to’.
 it,] the comma added in pencil.
 laid] follows canceled ‘seen’.
 yo’] originally ‘you’; the apostrophe added in pencil above canceled ‘u’.
 yo’self] the MS reads ‘yousef’ (emended); originally ‘youself’; the final ‘f’ canceled and ‘l’ mended to ‘f’; all revisions in pencil.
 the] interlined in pencil.
 gone!] the exclamation point mended in pencil from a period.
 fetch] follows canceled ‘keep the run of’.
 on] written over wiped-out ‘w’.
 don’t] interlined in pencil above canceled ‘does not’.
 after] follows canceled ‘will be’.
 us;] possibly added.
 seem] follows canceled ‘sh’.
 shining] follows canceled ‘shi- | ’.
 yell at us,] originally ‘yell,’; the comma canceled and ‘at us,’ interlined.
 come] follows canceled ‘struck’.
 out] followed by a canceled comma.
 for] written over wiped-out ‘on’.
 which] follows canceled ‘so’.
Textual Notes Chapter XVI.
 resk] The manuscript shows a clear movement in Huck’s Pike County dialect from “risk”, in the 1876 manuscript, to “resk”, which Mark Twain began to adopt in 1883. Four out of five remaining instances of “risk” (used for both Huck and Tom) are altered to “resk” in the first edition of Huckleberry Finn, almost certainly a result of Mark Twain’s perfecting his dialect on the typescript. The fifth instance, from the raft episode, appears as “risk” in Life on the Mississippi. Because Life on the Mississippi was published before Mark Twain had the opportunity to perfect his typescript for Huckleberry Finn, and the typescript is lost, the editors supply Mark Twain’s preferred form here.
 warn’t] As in the manuscript. The first edition of Life on the Mississippi reads “was n’t”. Huck (both in narration and speech) says “warn’t” 226 times in the manuscript, and “wasn’t” twenty-six times, thirteen of which appear in the first edition as “warn’t”. Mark Twain had begun the process of revising Huck’s “wasn’t” to “warn’t” in the manuscript (see, for instance, Alterations in the Manuscript, 319.23, 324.1, and 336.34), and the variants in the first edition of Huckleberry Finn are almost certainly the result of his continued revision on the typescript (the thirteen variants are consequently adopted in this edition). Although he neglected to change every instance of “wasn’t” to “warn’t” (in which case the copy-text reading is respected), in only two instances did a variant from “warn’t” to “wasn’t” or “was n’t” appear. This variant, in the raft episode in Life on the Mississippi, is deemed a sophistication by the printer’s proofreader or typesetters. The other, in the first edition of Huckleberry Finn, is most likely the result of the typist’s misreading of the MS, where Clemens altered “wasn’t” to “warn’t” by writing the r over the s (see Alterations in the Manuscript, 291.17).
 “There . . . wed’l.”] Although Mark Twain wrote the words “strike out” and drew two consecutive rules in blue ink alongside the lyrics of this song, clearly contemplating dropping it from his text entirely, he did not actually delete it on the manuscript in any of his standard ways, nor was it dropped from the published text of Life on the Mississippi. Because TS1 is lost, there is no evidence of [begin page 823] whether he eventually deleted the song when he was preparing his text for publication in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. The uncanceled manuscript reading is retained.
 dwed’l (dwell,)] In both the Huckleberry Finn manuscript and in the first edition of Life on the Mississippi, “dwed’l” in the raftsman’s song is followed by the parenthetical gloss. Huck does sometimes explain a word in the course of his narrative (“A tow-head is a sand-bar that has cottonwoods on it as thick as harrow-teeth” [77.24–25]), although there is no other instance in which he interrupts the text with a parenthetical gloss. Without access to this part of the Huckleberry Finn manuscript, the editors in 1988 deleted the gloss, reasoning that it had been “intended specifically for the readers of Life on the Mississippi” ( HF 1988 , 530). The reading is, however, demonstrably in the manuscript and is retained here.
 ’bout] As in the manuscript; the first edition of Life on the Mississippi reads “bout”. Mark Twain was invariant in his spelling of “ ’bout” with an apostrophe (45 instances in the manuscript, always rendered with an apostrophe in the first edition of Huckleberry Finn). The aberrant form in Life on the Mississippi is most likely the result of a transcription error by the typist or typesetter.
 great American desert] As in Life on the Mississippi; the manuscript reads “Great American Desert”. When Mark Twain in his manuscript had the Child of Calamity evoke the “boundless vastness of the Great American Desert”, he clearly meant to refer to the entire desert of western North America, not the “Forty Mile Desert” of Nevada, otherwise known as the “Great American Desert”, which the Clemens brothers had crossed in the Overland Stage on their way West in 1861 (see RI 1993 , 130, 607–8, 628). Despite the possibility that the capital letters were dropped by the typesetter because the manuscript had been transcribed ambiguously on an all-capitals typewriter, the Life on the Mississippi reading is adopted as the author’s correction.
 graveyards] As in the first edition of Life on the Mississippi. Although “grave  |  yards” was divided at the end of a line in the manuscript with no hyphen, Mark Twain was elsewhere so consistent in his styling of the compound as one word, it is assumed he accidentally dropped the hyphen in his end-line division and corrected it to his usual style on the typescript.
 just after midnight,] As in the manuscript. This phrase is missing in Life on the Mississippi. Although it is possible that [begin page 824] Mark Twain canceled it on the typescript, it is such a likely eyeskip, from “night,” to “night,” in the line below, that the deletion is deemed a transcription error rather than an authorial revision.

 setting] As in the manuscript; the first edition of Life on the Mississippi reads “sitting”. Mark Twain was nearly invariant in assigning the form “set” for “sit” in the dialect of every character in Huckleberry Finn. The only instance of “sit” in the manuscript appeared as “set” in the first edition, doubtless revised by the author when he edited the book on the typescript (see Emendations and Historical Collation, 7.6). In this instance, in the raft episode in Life on the Mississippi, “setting” was almost certainly transcribed in error as “sitting” by the typist or the typesetter.
 sprained his ancle so bad he had to lay up] As in the manuscript; Life on the Mississippi reads “sprained his ankle so that he had to lay up”. Although it is possible that Mark Twain made the change from “bad” to “that”, it is such an easy sophistication to have been made in transcription by the typist or the typesetter, that the more unconventional and idiomatic manuscript reading is preserved, as is the author’s acceptable variant spelling “ancle”.
 man a sweep] As in the manuscript. Mark Twain originally wrote in his manuscript, “They wouldn’t man a sweep with him”, which appeared in the Life on the Mississippi prospectus as “They would n’t man sweep with him”. He must have noted the omission of the article and corrected it just before book publication, to the Life on the Mississippi first edition reading, “They would n’t man the sweeps with him”. Since this revision was Mark Twain’s response to an error, and was a manifest attempt to restore the original reading, the earlier reading is retained.
 he] As in the manuscript; Life on the Mississippi reads “I”. Although it is possible to imagine Huck looking around at the men through his tears after he is threatened with being painted by Bob, as the published reading suggests, it makes better sense for Davy to [begin page 825] look around at the men he has just challenged, as the manuscript reading has it. The published reading, though conceivably authorial, is rejected as a corruption, most likely brought about by transcription error or sophistication.
 know.”] As in the first edition. In the manuscript, Huck’s speech is followed by a paragraph that is missing in the first edition: “ ‘Dat’s so, Huck. A body can’t be too keerful. I’ll float along en wait. But it’s Cairo, I jes’ knows it is.’ ” It is tempting to ascribe the omission to the typist’s eyeskip from an earlier reference to Cairo (“ ‘Cairo at las’ I jes’ knows it!’ ”) to the mention of Cairo in the omitted paragraph. It is extremely unlikely, however, that such a skip would not have resulted in the omission of two brief intervening paragraphs as well. The omission is therefore deemed to be an authorial deletion on the typescript.
 up stream] As in the manuscript. Although the first edition reading, “up the stream”, provides a parallel between “the shore” (mentioned earlier in the same sentence) and “the stream”, it is an unusual and somewhat misleading locution, given that Huck seems to mean “against the current”. Perhaps the typist or printer’s proof-reader, misled by Mark Twain’s rendering of “up stream” as two words, supplied the article.
Explanatory Notes Chapter XVI.
 But you know . . . home again.] In 1882 Mark Twain temporarily pulled this passage (later called the “raft episode” or “the raft chapter”) out of his still unfinished manuscript for Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, and had it typed for publication in Life on the Mississippi. [begin page 408] He introduced it there as “a chapter from a book which I have been working at, by fits and starts, during the past five or six years, and may possibly finish in the course of five or six more” (chapter 3, SLC 1883a, 42; SLC to Webster, 14 Apr 84, NPV, in MTBus , 248–49; SLC to Howells, 20 July 83, NN-B, in MTHL , 1:435). When the first half of the Huckleberry Finn manuscript was typed in late 1882 or 1883, the raft episode pages apparently were not typed, probably because printed tear sheets from Life on the Mississippi were by then available and could be put in place in the Huckleberry Finn typescript he was revising for publication (MS1, 309–62, NBuBE; see also the introduction, pp. 706–7; N&J3 , 60). After Clemens submitted the printer’s copy of Huckleberry Finn to Charles L. Webster, he began to worry that including any part of the raft episode in the salesmen’s prospectus would hurt sales because prospective buyers would regard it as a “reprint.” He therefore instructed Webster to “be particular” to exclude the raft episode from the prospectus (SLC to Webster, 14 Apr 84, NPV, in MTBus , 248–49). Webster, who was then trying to solve the manufacturing problem of how to make Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn into matching volumes when the second book was so much longer than the first, suggested leaving it out, not just from the prospectus, but from the book itself. Clemens agreed: “Yes, I think the raft chapter can be left wholly out, by heaving in a paragraph to say Huck visited the raft to find out how far it might be to Cairo, but got no satisfaction. Even this is not necessary unless that raft-visit is referred to later in the book. I think it is, but am not certain” (SLC to Webster, 22 Apr 84, NPV, in MTBus , 249–50; Webster to SLC, 21 Apr 84, CU-MARK). Webster then removed (or deleted) the episode from the printer’s copy, apparently unaware that its omission did indeed create a problem in the text. Huck’s plan to “paddle ashore the first time a light showed” and ask “how far it was to Cairo” is agreed to: “Jim thought it was a good idea, so we took a smoke on it and waited.” But in the altered text (and ultimately in the first edition) this sentence was followed immediately by an unexplained change of plan, “There warn’t nothing to do, now, but to look out sharp for the town” (SLC 1885a, 122–23; see Beidler 1968, 12–13; see also the note to 129.22–24). Until the discovery of the first half of the manuscript in 1990, it was not known what, if any, further change Mark Twain or Webster might have made at the time. The manuscript makes clear, however, that the “raft-visit” was not “referred to later in the book,” and that rather than “heaving in a paragraph” as Clemens suggested (a paragraph which Clemens certainly would have written himself if required), Webster most likely attempted to solve any problem of coherence or continuity himself by simply deleting two sentences from the printer’s copy. The sentences immediately followed the raft episode and made no sense with the episode left out: “I had to tell Jim I didn’t find out how far it was [begin page 409] to Cairo. He was pretty sorry” (123.21–22; Manuscript Facsimiles, p. 569). No illustrations were prepared for the episode, and it never appeared in the novel during the author’s lifetime. Because Mark Twain’s decision to omit it seems to have been solely to serve the practical convenience of his publisher, the raft episode was restored from the printed text of Life on the Mississippi in the 1985 Mark Twain Library and 1988 Works of Mark Twain editions. The discovery of the manuscript provides no new evidence that alters the import of the circumstances of omission (see the introduction, pp. 705–8). In the present edition the raft episode, and the two sentences omitted by Webster, are restored from the manuscript. In the absence of Kemble illustrations, the thirteen illustrations made by John Harley for this passage in Life on the Mississippi are included here. Mark Twain had seen and approved these two years before publishing Huckleberry Finn. In 1885, George Washington Cable urged Mark Twain to restore the episode. In 1907, Mark Twain alluded to practical difficulties rather than aesthetic reasons for continuing to omit it, when the essayist and biographer E. V. Lucas, likewise an advocate of restoration, asked him about it: “I asked him why he had never incorporated in Huckleberry Finn the glorious chapter about the boasting bargemen which he dropped into Life on the Mississippi. His reasons were not too understandable but I gathered that some copyright question was involved” ( N&J3 , 98; Lucas 1929; Lucas 1910, 116). More recently, Bernard DeVoto, Peter G. Beidler, and William R. Manierre have argued for restoring the passage, on various grounds (SLC 1942, x–xi; Beidler 1968; Manierre), but restoration remains controversial. Hamlin Hill, and more recently Jonathan Arac, have argued against it (see SLC 1962, xii; Arac, 139–42). DeVoto was the first of several editors to publish the passage in place, but he and others who followed his lead all used editorial markers, notes, or a change in type size to set it off (SLC 1942, 120–33; DeVoto 1946, 291–307; Lynn 1961, 42–48; SLC 1996b, 112–29). Other editors have elected to include it as an appendix (see SLC 1958, 247–58; SLC 1967, 331–43). Discussions of the crux can be found in Lynn 1958, 425–27; Leary, 100–103; Rasmussen, 385–86; and SLC 1996b, 377–78.
 “There was a woman in our towdn, . . . twyste as wed’l.”] This folk-ballad, originally from Britain, was a particular favorite of Mark Twain’s: he had already used it in 1865 in a play which he left unfinished ( S&B , 211); his niece remembered his singing it in the family’s private railroad car during his wedding journey from Elmira to Buffalo in 1870 ( MTBus , 109); he used it in 1876 in this section of the Huckleberry Finn manuscript; and he assigned the song to Miles Hendon in the 1880 portion of The Prince and the Pauper manuscript ( P&P , 5, 148–50). He later recalled his own rendition in an 1885 family parlor performance [begin page 410] of Prince and the Pauper: “I was great in that song” ( MTS 1910 , 72). Under various titles, among them “There Was an Old Woman in Ireland,” “The Rich Old Lady,” and “She Loved Her Husband Dearly,” it survives as a folk song in Missouri and neighboring states (Wolford, 93; Sharp, 348–49; Chauncey O. Moore, 218–19; Belden, 238–39). Despite his fondness for the song, Mark Twain wrote “strike out” next to the verses in his manuscript (MS1, 312). See the textual note to 108.1–8.
 

the tune the old cow died on] Although the old cow dies in a great many folk and minstrel songs, the only one found in which she is killed by the tune is a folk song, evidently of English or Irish origin:

Farmer John from his work came home
One summer’s afternoon,
And sat himself down by the maple grove
And sang himself this tune.
Chorus:
Ri fol de ol, Di ri fol dal di
Tune the old cow died on.

(Musick, 105–6; in Hearn 2001, 455–56)

 

“Whoo-oop! I’m the old original . . . after sweeps.] Literary depictions of comic braggarts such as Bob and the Child of Calamity date back at least to Aristophanes’ The Frogs (405 b.c.). In the United States, early nineteenth-century frontier humor and tall tales were filled with characters such as the legendary keelboatman, Mike Fink, who in an 1842 tale was reported to have said:

I never was particular, about what’s called a fair fight, I just ask a half a chance, and the odds against me; and if I then don’t keep clear of snags and sawyers, let me spring a leak, and go to the bottom. . . . Well, I walk tall into varmint and Indian, it’s a way I’ve got, and it comes as natural as grinning to a hyena. I’m a regular tornado, tough as a hickory withe, long-winded as a nor’-wester. I can strike a blow like a falling tree, and every lick makes a gap in the crowd that lets in an acre of sunshine. . . . I must fight something, or I’ll catch the dry rot, burnt brandy won’t save me. (Thorpe 1842, in Estes, 177–78)

Unlike early American swaggerers whose exploits almost justified their threats, typical Old World specimens had been bluffing cowards who ran away from fights. Beginning in the 1850s most American comic writers followed European patterns, as did Clemens in his 1852 sketch “The Dandy Frightening the Squatter” ( ET&S1 , 63–65), and in the present episode (see Blair 1960a, 115–16; Blair 1960b, 29–31, 154; Blair and Hill, 128–51, 255–62, 314).

 Whoo-oop! Bow your neck and spread] Mark Twain recalled in a letter to Will Bowen that “old General Gaines used to say, ‘Whoop! Bow your neck & spread!’ ” ( L4 , 50). Gaines, one of Hannibal’s “prominent & [begin page 411] very intemperate neer-do-weels,” was the “first town-drunkard before Jimmy Finn got the place” (SLC 1909c, 5; SLC 1897–98, 54). He appears in chapter 1 of “Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer among the Indians” (1884), and in the working notes for “Tom Sawyer’s Conspiracy” (1897–?1902), which show that Mark Twain intended to base another fictional keelboatman on him, “Admiral Grimes” ( HH&T , 94, 383, 384; Inds , 35).
 another patted Juba] In patting juba, adapted from African dances, slaves used their hands in rhythmic accompaniment to music. According to a former slave, one patted by “striking the hands on the knees, then striking the hands together, then striking the right shoulder with one hand, the left with the other—all the while keeping time with the feet, and singing” (Northup, 219). According to another account, “the position was usually a half-stoop or forward bend, with a slap of one hand on the left knee followed by the same stroke and noise on the right, and then a loud slap of the two palms together. . . . the left hand made two strokes in half-time to one for the right. . . . One of the best-known . . . dance tunes was called ‘Juba’ ” (Wyeth, 59, 62).
 a regular old-fashioned keel-boat break-down] A breakdown was a boisterous, rapid, shuffling dance in the “Negro style,” often danced competitively by dancers in succession, and sometimes accompanied by patting juba (Nathan, 92). Like the music that accompanied them, breakdowns were especially popular among white riverboatmen. An 1844 St. Louis newspaper reported the boatmen’s fondness for “river yarns, boatman songs, and ‘nigger break-downs,’ interspersed with wrestling-matches, jumping, laugh, and yell” (Field, 180). But the dance had been observed among slaves as early as 1700: “The dancers brought along boards, called shingles, upon which they performed. These wooden planks were usually about five or six feet long and equally wide, and were kept in place during the dancing by four of their companions. Rarely in their deft ‘turning and shying off’ did they step from the boards” (Ottley and Weatherby, 25–26). Dickens described a breakdown dancer he saw in 1842: “Single shuffle, double shuffle, cut and cross-cut: snapping his fingers, rolling his eyes, turning in his knees, presenting the backs of his legs in front, spinning about on his toes and heels . . . dancing with two left legs, two right legs, two wooden legs, two wire legs, two spring legs—all sorts of legs and no legs” (Dickens 1842, 36).
 

“Jolly, jolly raftsman’s the life for me,”] An 1844 minstrel song attributed to Daniel Emmett, with lyrics by Andrew Evans (entitled “The Raftsman,” as sung by A. F. Winnemore of the Georgia Champions, and [begin page 412] “The Jolly Raftsman,” in Old Dan Emmit’s Original Banjo Melodies, the latter in Nathan, 302–3).

Chorus:
My Raft is by the shore
She’s light and free
To be a jolly Raftsman’s the life for me
And as we glide along
Our song shall be
Dearest Dine I love but thee.
 the muddy Mississippi water was wholesomer to drink than the clear water of the Ohio] More than one nineteenth-century traveler reported hearing claims about the potability of Mississippi River water. Zadok Cramer, in his early river guide, recommended filtering the muddy water and commented on its usefulness as a “powerful cathartic” and “cure for most cutaneous diseases”: “It is upon the whole, after filtration, . . . the most agreeable water I ever drank, and I am led to believe the wholesomest. I have frequently drove off a slight stomach fever after eating, . . . by drinking two, three, or four tumblers of this delightful water” (Cramer, 135–36, 138). Christian Schultz described the water as “thick and turbid” in the record of his 1807–8 travels: “It will deposit a sediment of half an inch deep in a half pint tumbler of water. Yet no other is used for the table.” And he noted the water’s reputation as a remedy for both sterility and “the itch” (Schultz, 2:199, in Beidler 1990, 58). Charles Murray explained that “a stranger . . . cannot endure the dirty and muddy appearance of the water, although he is told (and with truth) that, when placed in a barrel, or any other vessel, and allowed to settle, it purifies very rapidly and becomes excellent drinking-water” (Murray, 1:233). Dickens in American Notes commented on the belief of natives that the water was wholesome (Dickens 1842, 65). And in 1849 Alexander Mackay noted that the “Mississippi water, turgid though it be, is not considered unwholesome, and those long accustomed to it prefer it to any other” (Mackay, 2:128).
 Ohio water didn’t like to mix with Mississippi water . . . for a hundred mile or more] Alexander Mackay reported that “in passing the Ohio, we were for a few minutes in clear and limpid water; quite a contrast, in this respect, to the turgid and muddy volume with which it mingled. . . . Opposite the northern bank of the Ohio, the line where the two currents mingle is distinctly traceable for some distance into the Mississippi” (Mackay, 2:128).
 the old saying, ‘Give a nigger an inch and he’ll take an ell.’] This variation of a venerable English proverb—“Give an inch and you’ll take an ell,” recorded as early as 1546—can also be found in Frederick Douglass’s 1845 autobiography (Douglass, 29, 31; MacKethan, 259; Burton Stevenson, 1635).
 a twenty-dollar gold piece] A technical anachronism, since coins of this denomination did not begin to circulate until 1850 (Goodyear).
 

a body that don’t get started right when he’s little, ain’t got no show] This passage echoes an opinion Mark Twain held about the moral nature of mankind. According to Albert Bigelow Paine, “Among the books of his summer reading at Quarry Farm, as far back as 1874, there was a copy of W. E. H. Lecky’s History of European Morals, a volume that made a deep impression upon Mark Twain and exerted no small influence upon his intellectual life” (Paine, ix). Lecky distinguished two opposing schools of morality:

One of them is generally described as the stoical, the intuitive, the independent or the sentimental; the other as the epicurean, the inductive, the utilitarian, or the selfish. The moralists of the former school . . . believe that we have a natural power of perceiving that some qualities, such as benevolence, chastity, or veracity, are better than others. . . . The moralist of the opposite school denies that we have any such natural perception. He maintains that we have by nature absolutely no knowledge of merit and demerit, . . . and that we derive these notions solely from an observation of the course of life which is conducive to human happiness. (Lecky, 1:3)

Lecky favored “the former school,” and Huck, in his instinctual desire to help Jim, seems to conform to this point of view. Nevertheless, his statement that he has failed to do the right thing because he didn’t “get started right” when he was little, illustrates the position of “the opposite school,” which held that environment determines morality. In a marginal comment written in his copy of Lecky, Clemens expressed his own belief that “all moral perceptions are acquired by the influences around us; these influences begin in infancy; we never get a chance to find out whether we have any that are innate or not” (Davis, 4; see Blair 1960a, 131–44, and Boewe).

 Dat wuz de smartes’ dodge] Huck’s “dodge”—by which he ingeniously leads the two slave hunters to conclude that his father has smallpox—has an analogue in the autobiography of fugitive slave James Pennington, The Fugitive Blacksmith (1849)—a book which Clemens may have read, although decisive evidence has not been found that he either owned or read it (Andrews; MacKethan, 256–58; Pennington, 220–24). He had long been familiar with such accounts, both spoken and printed. By 1869 he knew and admired Frederick Douglass, who in 1838 had been one of many fugitive slaves helped by Clemens’s abolitionist in-laws, the Langdons, and who had published his famous Narrative in 1845 ( L3 , 426, 428 n. 2). He doubtless heard stories from his good friend James Redpath, a prominent abolitionist, who was both his and Douglass’s lecture agent. Redpath collected and published slave narratives in his Roving Editor: or, Talks with Slaves in the Southern States in 1859 ( L3 , 217–18 n. 8; L4 , 315 n. 2). Mark Twain’s “A True Story, Repeated [begin page 414] Word for Word as I Heard It” (1874) was based on the personal narrative of Mary Ann Cord, who worked for the Langdons in Elmira. His library included an 1836 pamphlet autobiography of the slave Amos Dresser, as well as the 1883 revised edition of William Still’s massive compilation of fugitive slave narratives, The Underground Rail Road, first published in 1872 (in which Mark Twain wrote down the story, told by his mother-in-law, of a slave family who escaped to Elmira in the 1840s). He also owned a copy of Charles Ball’s autobiographical Slavery in the United States, a work he consulted in the late 1880s when writing A Connecticut Yankee (Gribben 1980, 1:43, 203, 2:666; N&J3 , 501; Baetzhold 1970, 151, 349–50 n. 33; MacKethan, 253–54; Fishkin, 96–99).
 “Maybe we went by Cairo in the fog that night.”] That is, two nights earlier. In the introduction to the raftsmen’s episode in chapter 3 of Life on the Mississippi, and in his 1895 notes, Mark Twain confirmed that the raft passed Cairo “in a fog” (SLC 1883a, 43; SLC 1895a, 1:174; Mark Twain’s Revisions for Public Reading, 1895–1896, p. 642). Mark Twain clearly did not expect his readers to identify the various villages he mentions either above or below Cairo. Nonetheless, he seems to have drawn on his memory of the geography of some real towns (see the note to 80.22–25). The situation of Columbus and Hickman, Kentucky, twenty-two and forty-two miles below Cairo, matches that of the two towns that the raft has just passed—one “in a left-hand bend” and the second on “high ground” (128.17, 129.10) (Miller, 200–201; James, 3, 27–30; see the map on page 369). On his 1882 downriver trip, Mark Twain noted that “Hickman looks about as it always did; and so does Columbus” ( N&J2 , 534).
 the clear Ohio water in shore . . . So it was all up with Cairo] In the first edition of Huckleberry Finn, which omitted the “raft episode” and consequently the explanation of the difference between Ohio and Mississippi river water (112.12–14 and 113.11–16), the reader was left unintentionally perplexed as to why the contrasting colors meant “it was all up with Cairo,” not to mention how Huck suddenly knew what he was clearly ignorant of just pages before (106.20–27; see Beidler 1968, 13–14). Inexplicably, Huck and Jim do not notice the “clear Ohio water” until the third day after they pass Cairo (and the confluence with the Ohio River) in the fog.
 She aimed right for us . . . going to try to shave us] In “Old Times on the Mississippi” Mark Twain recalled that the timber rafts, coal barges, and little trading scows heading downstream during the June rise were regarded by steamboat pilots as an “intolerable nuisance.” “Pilots bore a mortal hatred” to such “small-fry craft,” because the latter often failed to keep a light burning and were difficult to see on a murky night (SLC 1875, 448, 449; see also the note to 78.23–29).
 I dived—and I aimed to find the bottom] In “Old Times on the Mississippi,” Mark Twain told of a cub pilot who “plunged head-first into the river and dived under the wheel” and thus saved himself when his sounding boat was struck in the dark by the steamboat’s paddle-wheel (SLC 1875, 570).
 towards the left-hand shore . . . long, slanting, two-mile crossings . . . I made a safe landing] Huck apparently comes ashore at the foot of New Madrid Bend where the current crosses from the west (Missouri) side of the river to the east shore, where Kentucky and Tennessee share a narrow neck of land bisected by the state line (James, 3, 29–30; see the map on page 371). In his introductory remarks to the excerpted episode in the December 1884 Century Magazine, Mark Twain explained that the raft had “already floated four hundred miles” down river at this point: New Madrid, Missouri, was, in fact, four hundred and two miles below Hannibal, the equivalent of the fictional St. Petersburg (James, 3). This location is also indicated by the incidents described in the next two chapters, based on Mark Twain’s recollection of events at Compromise, Kentucky, in New Madrid Bend (see the note to 146.12–17). In 1895, when introducing a reading from the upcoming chapters, Mark Twain specified that “Huck swam to the Kentucky side” of the river, that is, the east side (SLC 1895a, 1:174; Mark Twain’s Revisions for Public Reading, 1895–1896, p. 642).