Explanatory Notes
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Apparatus Notes
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Chapter XIV.
[begin page 93]
turning over the truck.
Click the thumbnail to see the illustrated chapter heading
Chapter XIV.emendation

By and by historical collation,alteration in the MS when we got up, we turned over the truck the gang had stole off of the wreck, and found boots, and blankets, and clothes, and all sorts of other things, and a lot of books, and a spyglasshistorical collation and three boxes of seegarsalteration in the MS. We hadn’t ever been this rich before, in neither of our lives. The seegars was prime. We laid off all the afternoonhistorical collation in the woods,historical collation talking, and meemendation readingalteration in the MS the books, and having a general good time. I told Jim all about what happened inside the wreck, and at the ferryboathistorical collation; and I said these kinds of things was adventures; but he said he didn’t want no more adventures. He said that when I went in the texas and he crawled back to get on the raft and found her gone, he nearly died; because he judged it was all up with him, anyway it could be fixed; for if he didn’t get saved he would get drownded;alteration in the MS and if heemendation did get saved, whoever saved him would send him back home so as to get the reward, and then Miss Watson would sell him southhistorical collation, sure. Well, he was right;alteration in the MS he was most always right; he had an uncommon level head, for a nigger.

I read considerable to Jim about kings, and dukes, and earlsalteration in the MS historical collation and such, and how gaudy they dressedhistorical collation and how much style they put on, and calledalteration in the MS each other your majesty, and your grace, and your lordship, and so on, ’stead of misteremendation; and Jim’s eyes bugged out, and he was interested. He says:

“I didn’emendation know dey was so many un um. I hain’thistorical collation hearn ’bout none [begin page 94] un um, skaselyemendation, but ole kinghistorical collation Sollermun, onless you counts dem kings dat’s in a pack er k’yards. How much do a king git?”

“Get?” I says; “why, they get a thousand dollars a monthhistorical collation if they want it; they can have just as much as they want; everything belongs to them.”

Ain’ emendation dat gay? En what dey got to do, Huck?”

solomon and his million wives.historical collation

They don’t do nothing! Why,historical collation how you talk.historical collation They just set around.”

“No—is dat so?”

Of coursealteration in the MS it is. They just set around. Excepthistorical collation maybe when there’shistorical collation a war; then they go to the war. But other times they just lazy around; or go hawking—just hawking and sp— Sh!—emendation explanatory note alteration in the MS d’ youhistorical collation hear a noise?”

We skippedemendation outtextual note and looked; but it warn’t nothing but the flutter of a steamboat’shistorical collation wheelhistorical collation away down coming around the point; so we come back.

“Yes,” says I, “and other times, when things is dull, they fuss with the parlyment; and if everybodyalteration in the MS don’t go just so,historical collation he whacks their headsemendation off. But mostly they hangemendation round the harem.”

“Roun’ de which?”

“Harem.”

“What’s de harem?”

“The place where he keepemendation his wives. Don’t you know about the harem? Solomon had one; he had about a million wives.”

“Why, yes, dat’s so; I—emendationI’d done forgot it. A harem’s a bo’d’n househistorical collation, I reck’n.emendation Mos’ likely dey has rackety times in de nussery. En I reck’n deemendation wives quarrels considableemendation; en dat ’crease de racket. Yit dey say Sollermun de wises’ man dat ever live’. I doan’ take no stock in dat. Bekase why: wouldhistorical collation a wise man want to live in de mids’ er sichhistorical collation a blimblammin’emendation all de time? No—’deed he wouldn’t. A wise man ’udemendation take en buil’ a biler-factry; en den he could shet down emendation de biler-factry when he want to res’.”

“Well, but he was the wisest man, anyway; because the widow she told me so, her own self.”

“I doanalteration in the MS k’yer what de widder say, he warn’t emendation no wise man, nuther. He had some er de dad-fetchedes’alteration in the MS ways I ever see. Does you know ’bout dat chile dat he ’uzemendation gwynehistorical collation to chop in twoexplanatory note?”

Yes;historical collation the widow told me all about it.”

Well, den! Warn’emendation dat de beatenes’alteration in the MS notion in de worl’? You jis’historical collation alteration in the MS textual note take [begin page 95] en look at it a minute. Dah’s de stump, dah—dat’s one er de women; heah’s you—dat’s de yuther onealteration in the MS; I’s Sollermun; en dish-yer dollar bill’s de chile. Bofe un you claims it. Whatalteration in the MS does I do? Does I shin aroun’ mongs’historical collation de neighbors en fine outalteration in the MS which un you de bill do b’long to, en han’ it over to de right one, all safe en soun’, de way dat anybody dat had any gumption would? No—I take en whack de bill in two emendation, en givealteration in the MS half unhistorical collation it to you, en de yuther half to de yuther woman. Dat’salteration in the MS de way Sollermun was gwynehistorical collation to do wid de chile.alteration in the MS Nowhistorical collation I want to ast you: what’s de use eralteration in the MS dat half a bill?alteration in the MScan’temendation buy noth’nhistorical collation alteration in the MS wid it. En what use is a half a chile? I wouldn’emendation give a dernalteration in the MS for a million un um.”

“But hang it, Jim, you’ve clean missed the point—blame it, you’ve missed it a thousand mile.”

“Who? mehistorical collation? Go ’long. Doanhistorical collation alteration in the MS talk to me ’bout yo’ pints. I reck’nemendation I knows sense when I sees it; en dey ain’emendation no sense in sich doin’semendation alteration in the MS textual note as dat. De ’spute warn’t ’bout a halfhistorical collation a chile, de ’spute was ’bout a whole chile; en de man dat think he kin settle a ’spute ’bout a whole chile wid a half a chile, doanhistorical collation know enough to come in out’n de rain. Doanhistorical collation talk to me ’bout Sollermun, Huck, I knows him by de back.”

[begin page 96] “But I tell you youhistorical collation don’t get the point.”

the story of “sollermun.”historical collation

“Blame de pint! I reck’nemendation I knows what I knows. En mine you, de real pint is down furder—it’s down deeper. It lays in de way Sollermun was raised. You take a man dat’semendation got on’y one eralteration in the MS two chillen:historical collation is dat man gwyne to be waseful o’ chillen? No, he ain’thistorical collation; he can’temendation ’ford it. He knowhistorical collation how to value ’em. But you take a man dat’s got ’bout five million chillen runnin’ roun’ de house, en it’s diffunt. He asalteration in the MS soon chop a chile in two as a cat. Dey’s plenty mo’. A chile er two, mo’ er less, warn’t no consekensalteration in the MS to Sollermun, dad fetch him!”

I never see suchalteration in the MS a nigger. If he got a notion in his head once, there warn’t no getting it out again. He was the most down on Solomon of any nigger I ever see. Soalteration in the MS I went to talking about other kings, and let Solomon slide. I told about Louis Sixteenth that got his head cut off in France long time agohistorical collation; and about his little boy the dolphin, that would a been aemendation king, but they took and shut him up in jail, and some sayemendation he died there.

“Po’ little chap.”

“But some says he got out and got away, and come to Americaexplanatory note.”

“Dat’s good!emendation But he’ll be pooty lonesome—dey ain’emendation no kings here, is dey, Huck?”

[begin page 97] “No.”

“Den he cain’t git no situation. What he gwyne to do?”alteration in the MS

“Well, I don’t know. Some of them gets on the policeexplanatory note, and some of them learns people how to talk Frenchexplanatory note.”

Whyalteration in the MS, Huck, doanhistorical collation alteration in the MS de French people talk de same way we does?”

No,emendation Jim;historical collation alteration in the MS you couldn’t understand a word they said—not a single word.”

“Well, now, I be ding-busted! How do dat come?”

I don’t know; but it’s so. I got some of their jabber out of a book. Spose a man was to come to you and say Polly-voo-franzy emendation—what would you think?”

“I wouldn’emendation think nuff’n;emendation I’d take en bust him over deemendation head. Dat is, efhistorical collation he warn’t white. I wouldn’t ’low no niggeremendation to call me dat.”

“Shucks, it ain’t callingemendation you anything. It’semendation only saying,historical collation do you know how to talk French.”

“Well, den, why couldn’t he say it?”

“Why, he is a-saying it. That’s a Frenchman’s way of saying it.”

“Well, it’s a blame’ ridicklousalteration in the MS way, en I doanhistorical collation want to hearalteration in the MS no mo’ ’bout it. Dey ain’emendation no sense in it.”

“Looky here, Jim,historical collation does a cat talk likealteration in the MS we do?”

“No, a cat don’t.”

“Well, does a cow?”

“No, a cow don’t, nuther.”

“Doesalteration in the MS a cat talk like a cow, or a cow talk like a cat?alteration in the MS

“No, dey don’t.”

“It’s natural and right for ’ememendation to talk different from each other, ain’t it?”

“ ’Course.”alteration in the MS

And ain’talteration in the MS it natural and right for a cat and a cow to talk different from us?

“Why, mos’ sholy it is.”

“Well, then, why ain’t it natural and rightalteration in the MS for a Frenchman to talk different from us?—youemendation answer me that.”

“Is a cat a man, Huck?”

“No.”

“Wellalteration in the MS, den, dey ain’t no sense in a cat talkin’ like a man. Is a cow a man?—eremendation is a cow a cat?”

“No, she ain’t either of them.”

[begin page 98] “Well, den, she ain’emendation got no business to talk like either one er the yuther of ’em. Is a Frenchman a man?”

“Yes.”

Well, den! Dad blame it, why doanhistorical collation he talk like a man?—youhistorical collation answer me dat!

I see it warn’t no use wasting words—you can’t learn a nigger to argue. So I quit.alteration in the MS textual note explanatory note alteration in the MS

Historical Collation Chapter XIV.
  By and by (MS2)  ●  By-and-by (A) 
  spyglass (MS2)  ●  spyglass, (A) 
  afternoon (MS2)  ●  after-  | noon (A) 
  woods, (MS2)  ●  woods  (A) 
  ferryboat (MS2)  ●  ferry-boat (A) 
  south (MS2)  ●  South (A) 
  earls (MS2)  ●  earls, (A Cent) 
  dressed (MS2)  ●  dressed, (A Cent) 
  hain’t (MS2,A)  ●  haint (Cent) 
  king (MS2)  ●  King (A Cent) 
  month (MS2,A)  ●  month, (Cent) 
  solomon and his million wives. (A)  ●  not in  (MS2)  sollermun and his wives. (Cent) 
  Why, (MS2 Cent)  ●  Why  (A) 
  talk. (MS2,A)  ●  talk! (Cent) 
  around. Except (MS2,A)  ●  around, except (Cent) 
  there’s (MS2 Cent)  ●  there ’s (A) 
  d’you (MS2)  ●  d’ you (A Cent) 
  steamboat’s (MS2,A)  ●  steam-boat’s (Cent) 
  wheel (MS2)  ●  wheel, (A Cent) 
  so, (MS2 Cent)  ●  so  (A) 
  bo’d’n house (MS2)  ●  bo’d’n-house (A Cent) 
  Bekase why: would (MS2,A)  ●  Becase why? Would (Cent) 
  sich (MS2,A)  ●  such (Cent) 
  gwyne (MS2,A)  ●  gwine (Cent) 
  Yes; (MS2)  ●  Yes, (A Cent) 
  jis’ (MS2)  ●  jes’ (A Cent) 
  mongs’ (MS2,A)  ●  ’mongs’ (Cent) 
  half un (MS2,A)  ●  haf un (Cent) 
  gwyne (MS2,A)  ●  gwine (Cent) 
  Now (MS2,A)  ●  Now, (Cent) 
  noth’n (MS2,A)  ●  nuth’n (Cent) 
  me (MS2)  ●  Me (A Cent) 
  Doan (MS2)  ●  Doan’ (A Cent) 
  a half (MS2,A)  ●  half (Cent) 
  doan (MS2)  ●  doan’ (A Cent) 
  Doan (MS2)  ●  Doan’ (A Cent) 
  you you (MS2,A)  ●  you, you (Cent) 
  the story ofsollermun.” (A)  ●  not in  (MS2)  the story of sollermun. (Cent) 
  chillen: (MS2)  ●  chillen; (A Cent) 
  ain’t (MS2,A)  ●  aint (Cent) 
  know (MS2,A)  ●  knows (Cent) 
  ago (MS2)  ●  age (A) 
  doan (MS2)  ●  doan’ (A) 
  Jim; (A)  ●  Jim, (MS2) 
  ef (MS2)  ●  if (A) 
  saying, (MS2)  ●  saying  (A) 
  doan (MS2)  ●  doan’ (A) 
  Jim, (MS2)  ●  Jim; (A) 
  doan (MS2)  ●  doan’ (A) 
  man?—you (MS2)  ●  man? You (A) 
Editorial Emendations Chapter XIV.
  Chapter XIV. (A)  ●  not in; extra line space (MS2) 
  me (A)  ●  not in  (MS2) 
  he (A)  ●  not in  (MS2) 
  mister (A Cent)  ●  Mister (MS2) 
  didn’ (A)  ●  didn’t (MS2 Cent) 
  skasely (A Cent)  ●  scasely (MS2) 
  Ain’ (A Cent)  ●  Ain’ (MS2) 
  sp—Sh!— (A Cent)  ●  sp—sh! (MS2) 
  skipped (A Cent)  ●  slipped (MS2) 
  heads (A Cent)  ●  head (MS2) 
  hang (A Cent)  ●  wallow (MS2) 
  keep (A Cent)  ●  keeps (MS2) 
  I— (A Cent)  ●  not in  (MS2) 
  reck’n. (A Cent)  ●  reckon. (MS2) 
  reck’n de (A Cent)  ●  reckon de (MS2) 
  considable (A Cent)  ●  considerable (MS2) 
  blimblammin’ (A Cent)  ●  blim-blammin’ (MS2) 
  ’ud (A Cent)  ●  would (MS2) 
  down  (A Cent)  ●  down (MS2) 
  warn’t  (A Cent)  ●  warnt (MS2) 
  ’uz (A Cent)  ●  was (MS2) 
  Warn’ (A Cent)  ●  Warn’t (MS2) 
  two  (A Cent)  ●  two (MS2) 
  can’t (A Cent)  ●  cain’t (MS2) 
  wouldn’ (C)  ●  would’n (MS2 A)  wouldn’t (Cent) 
  reck’n (A Cent)  ●  reckon (MS2) 
  ain’ (A Cent)  ●  ain’t (MS2) 
  doin’s (A Cent)  ●  doins (MS2) 
  reck’n (A Cent)  ●  reckon (MS2) 
  dat’s (A Cent)  ●  dats (MS2) 
  can’t (A Cent)  ●  cain’t (MS2) 
  been a (A)  ●  been (MS2) 
  say (A)  ●  said (MS2) 
  good! (A)  ●  good. (MS2) 
  ain’ (A)  ●  ain’t (MS2) 
  No, (A)  ●  No!  (MS2) 
  Polly-voo-franzy  (A)  ●  Polly voo-franzy  (MS2) 
  wouldn’ (A)  ●  wouldn’t (MS2) 
  nuff’n (A)  ●  noth’n (MS2) 
  de (A)  ●  the (MS2) 
  nigger (A)  ●  nigger  (MS2) 
  calling (A)  ●  calling  (MS2) 
  It’s (A)  ●  Its (MS2) 
  ain’ (A)  ●  ain’t (MS2) 
  ’em (A)  ●  them (MS2) 
  us?—you (C)  ●  us?— |  you (MS2)  us? You (A) 
  er (A)  ●  or (MS2) 
  ain’ (A)  ●  ain’t (MS2) 
Alterations in the Manuscript Chapter XIV.
 By and by] follows wiped-out [¶] ‘B’; the cancellation apparently made for the purpose of inserting extra space between paragraphs.
 seegars] originally ‘cigars’; ‘see’ interlined above canceled ‘ci’.
 reading] written over wiped-out ‘h’.
 drownded;] the semicolon replaces a wiped-out semicolon.
 right;] followed by canceled ‘fact is,’; the semicolon possibly mended from a comma.
 I read . . . I quit.] written on seventeen MS pages, originally numbered 1–17, composed earlier than the preceding MS pages, 81-A-1 through 81-43. The page numbers were altered to 81-44 through 81-60 when these pages were integrated with the preceding pages (MS 81-A-1 through 81-43, and in the present text, 80.30–98.7).
 earls] originally ‘early’; ‘s’ written over wiped-out ‘y’.
 called] follows canceled ‘how’.
 Of course] originally ‘Course’; ‘Of’ interlined; ‘C’ not reduced to ‘c’.
 sp—] follows canceled ‘spitting’.
 everybody] originally ‘everb’; ‘y’ written over wiped-out ‘b’.
 doan] originally ‘doan’’; the apostrophe canceled.
 dad-fetchedes’] originally ‘dad-fetchedest’; the final ‘t’ canceled and the apostrophe added.
 beatenes’] written over wiped-out ‘a’.
 jis’] originally ‘jes’’; ‘i’ written over ‘e’.
 one] interlined.
 What] written over wiped-out ‘D’.
 mongs’ de neighbors. . . out] ‘mongs’ de neighbors’ possibly squeezed in; follows canceled ‘mongs’ de neighbors en fine out’.
 en give] ‘en’ written over wiped-out ‘and’.
 Dat’s] follows canceled ‘Dat’s de way Soller’.
 chile.] followed by a canceled end-line dash.
 what’s de use er] originally ‘what use’;‘ ’s’ added, ‘de’ and ‘er’ interlined.
 bill?] the question mark possibly squeezed in.
 noth’n] originally ‘nothin’; ‘ ’n’ written over wiped-out ‘in’.
 dern] interlined above canceled ‘dam’.
 Doan] originally ‘Don’; ‘an’ written over wiped-out ‘n’.
 doin’s] the MS reads ‘doins’ (emended); originally ‘doin’s’; the apostrophe wiped out.
 er] written over wiped-out ‘or’.
 as] interlined.
 consekens] originally ‘consequ’; ‘ken’s’ written over wiped-out ‘qu’; then ‘ken’s’ altered to ‘kens’.
 such] originally ‘si’; ‘uch’ written over wiped-out ‘i’.
 So] follows canceled ‘So I let up on’.
 do?”] the question mark and quotation marks written over a wiped-out comma and wiped-out ‘you’.
 Why] ‘W’ written over partly formed ‘H’.
 doan] ‘an’ written over wiped-out ‘nt’.
 Jim] follows canceled closing quotation marks.
 ridicklous] originally ‘ridiculous’; ‘k’ written over ‘u’.
 hear] originally ‘heah’; ‘r’ written over wiped-out ‘h’.
 like] mended from ‘lie’.
 “Does . . . ‘Course.”] added on a new MS page (originally numbered 15) after the following MS pages, originally numbered 15–16 (‘ “And. . . quit.’, 97.29–98.7), were written.
 “Does] follows canceled [¶] ‘ “Well, then,’.
 cat?] ‘cat’ originallycat’; the underline canceled.
 And ain’t] originally ‘Ain’t’; ‘And’ interlined; ‘A’ of ‘Ain’t’ not reduced to ‘a’.
 natural and right] interlined above canceled ‘different’.
 “Well] follows canceled [¶] ‘ “Is a cow a man’.
 

So I quit.] possibly added.

Textual Notes Chapter XIV.
 Well . . . I quit.] In the 1876 manuscript, the text ending at 80.29 (“come.”) is immediately followed by the text beginning with “We judged” at 99.1 (MS1a, 280.5–6). In 1883, Clemens wrote a long new passage, sixty pages of MS2, to be inserted between these two points in his story. He added the new manuscript pages to his recently created typescript, TS1, between typescript pages 81 and 82, numbering the opening section of the new passage 81-A-1 through 81-43 (80.30 to 93.25). The remaining section (“I read considerable to Jim about kings, and dukes, . . . I quit.” [93.26 to 98.7]) was evidently written earlier—the original manuscript page numbers 1 through 17 are still visible—and then incorporated into the sequence as 81-44 through 81-60. He probably wrote these pages in response to the direction to himself on working note 3-4, “Back yonder, Huck reads & tells about monarchies & kings &c. So Jim stares when he learns the rank of these 2” (Mark Twain’s Working Notes, p. 505), but he did not insert them into his [begin page 820] text until he had established how Huck had gotten hold of the books (see 86.28 and 93.1–8, or MS2, 81-21.7–8 and 81-41.9–15; see also the explanatory note to 93.26–98.7 and Manuscript Facsimiles, pp. 566–67).
 skipped out] Although the alteration from the manuscript reading, “slipped out”, could have been made inadvertently by the typist (the letters k and l are next to each other on a typewriter keyboard), the first edition reading is both so unusual and so typical of Huck that it is adopted as the author’s (see, for instance, 50.38, 192.21–22, 226.21, and 265.22–24—“they didn’t yellocute long till the audience got up and give them a solid good cussing and made them skip out”). At 153.3 (MS1b, 484.11) he evidently made the opposite subtle revision, substituting “slipped in” for the manuscript’s “skipped in”.
 jis’] As in the manuscript. Although the dialect change from Jim’s nearly invariable “jis’ ” in the manuscript to “jes’ ” in the first edition is possibly Mark Twain’s change on the typescript or in proof, it more likely resulted from the typist’s difficulty in deciphering the author’s handwriting here: Mark Twain had altered his original manuscript “jes’ ” to “jis’ ” by writing an i over the e.

 doin’s] In the manuscript, Mark Twain originally wrote “doin’s” and then wiped out the apostrophe to read “doins”. Although the typist could have missed the cancellation and typed the apostrophe, it is more likely that the author, seeing the word typed, reversed himself again and restored his original reading (as he evidently did at 325.25; see Emendations and Historical Collation).
Explanatory Notes Chapter XIV.
 I read considerable to Jim about kings . . . I quit.] Comprising all of chapter 14, this passage is the last part of the long section Mark Twain inserted into his typescript in 1883 (see the note to 80.30–98.7). Having already introduced “the king” and “the duke” in 1880, in what became chapter 19 (158.36), Mark Twain reminded himself in 1883 to set the stage for their appearance: “Back yonder, Huck reads & tells about monarchies & kings &c. So Jim stares when he learns the rank of these 2” (see Mark Twain’s Working Notes, working note 3-4, p. 505). The [begin page 406] debates between Huck and Jim in the new passage are reminiscent of the comic dialogues between the genteel interlocutor and the vernacular end men, Bones and Tambo, which were a standard feature of minstrel shows of the mid-nineteenth century. In 1906 Clemens fondly recalled the minstrel shows of his youth, in particular the “delightful jangle of assertion and contradiction” that characterized them (AD, 30 Nov 1906, CU-MARK, in MTE , 113; Berret 1986, 38–40; Engle, xviii–xxi; Moody, 479–80, 485–87; Minstrel Gags , 5–13, 20–23, and passim). The suggestion of minstrel show elements in Huckleberry Finn has led some critics to describe Jim’s character and behavior as a racial stereotype (Woodard and MacCann 1984 and 1992; Lott; Graff and Phelan, 335–479; Leonard, Tenney, and Davis, 124–237; and Champion, 143–225). They have been well answered by critics who recognize how ingeniously Mark Twain has put minstrel conventions in the service of ridiculing Huck’s racism and giving the reader a lively sense of Jim’s intelligence (Mailloux, 72–87; Fishkin, 79–83; David L. Smith, 8).
 hawking and sp—] A venerable pun, found at least as early as 1639, but possibly suggested to Mark Twain by Scott’s The Fortunes of Nigel (1822), a source for The Prince and the Pauper. Scott’s Lord Dalgarno says to Dame Nelly, “you shall ride a hunting and hawking with a lord, instead of waiting upon an old ship-chandler, who could do nothing but hawk and spit” (Scott 1822, 3:307; Baetzhold 1970, 94).
 dat chile dat he ’uz gwyne to chop in two] See 1 Kings 3:16–28.
 little boy the dolphin . . . come to America] Although Louis XVII (1785–95?), son of the guillotined Louis XVI, died in a French prison, he was widely believed to have escaped and come to America (DeVoto 1932, 318–19). In 1882 Clemens acquired Horace W. Fuller’s Noted French Trials: Impostors and Adventurers, in which one chapter recounted the stories of “seven impostors who have claimed the name and the rights of the unhappy Louis XVII,” some of whom visited the United States, and one of whom—Eleazar Williams—was born there (Fuller, 100, in Blair 1957, 27). Mark Twain’s 1869 newspaper sketch “The ‘Wild Man’ ” shows his familiarity with Williams and the controversy surrounding his claims, and Clemens almost certainly had earlier knowledge of other such impostors: for instance, in 1853 the Hannibal Journal reprinted a story about the visit to a newspaper office of a Bourbon pretender calling himself “Aminidab Fitz-Louis Dolphin Borebon,” whom the staff hailed as the “Dolphin” (SLC 1869c; Ashmead).
 Some of them gets on the police] Mark Twain remarked in The Innocents Abroad (chapter 13) that Napoleon III “kept his faithful watch and walked his weary beat a common policeman of London” (SLC 1869a, [begin page 407] 127; noted by Henry Nash Smith, personal communication). Napoleon III had joined a special constabulary formed in London in 1848 to prevent Chartist demonstrations (Simpson, 277–78).
 some of them learns people how to talk French] In A Tale of Two Cities, Charles Darnay, a noble French emigrant, is “established in England as a higher teacher of the French language” before the French Revolution. As Dickens commented, “Princes that had been, and Kings that were to be, were not yet of the Teacher class” (book 2, chapter 10, Dickens 1970, 159, 160).