Explanatory Notes
Apparatus Notes
MTPDocEd
[begin page 9]
77. “Mark Twain” in the Metropolis
17–23 June 1864

Clemens became the local reporter for the San Francisco Morning Call soon after he arrived from Virginia City at the end of May 1864. This letter to his former newspaper, the Virginia City Territorial Enterprise, leaves no doubt that his new pleasurable surroundings had not abated his skeptical cast of mind.

The original printing in the Enterprise does not survive, but the text is preserved in the San Francisco Golden Era for 26 June 1864, which introduced the extract as follows: “The Sage-Brush Humorist from Silver-Land, ‘Mark Twain,’ has come to town, and stops at the Occidental. He discourses the Territorial Enterprise.” The date of the first printing is not known, but since Clemens says that Caroline Richings had been playing at Maguire's Opera House “during the past fortnight,” and since she had opened there on May 30, the letter might have been composed about June 14 and, allowing three days' transit time, published as early as June 17. On the other hand, the “fortnight” reference may not be precise, and the letter might have been written and published somewhat later. Mark Twain's comment on the momentary upward trend in Gould and Curry stock establishes the latest possible date of composition as June 20 or 21, for on June 22 the stock resumed its downward plunge. But still assuming three days' transit time from Virginia to San Francisco, the Era could not have published the letter on June 26 if it had appeared later than June 23. We therefore conjecture publication as sometime between June 17 and 23.

Textual Commentary

The first printing in the Virginia City Territorial Enterprise, probably sometime between 17 and 23 June 1864, is not extant. The sketch survives in the only known contemporary reprinting of the Enterprise, the San Francisco Golden Era 12 (26 June 1864): 3, which is copy-text. Copies: PH from Bancroft and from Yale.

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“Mark Twain” in the Metropolis

To emendation a Christian who has toiled months and months in Washoe; whose hair bristles from a bed of sand, and whose soul is caked with a cement of alkali dust; whose nostrils know no perfume but the rank odor of sage-brush—and whose eyes know no landscape but barren mountains and desolate plains; where the winds blow, and the sun blisters, and the broken spirit of the contrite heartexplanatory note finds joy and peace only in Limburgeremendation cheese and lager beer— unto such a Christian, verily the Occidental Hotel is Heaven on the half shell. He may even secretly consider it to be Heaven on the entire shell, but his religion teaches a sound Washoe Christian that it would be sacrilege to say it.

Here you are expected to breakfast on salmon, fried oysters and other substantials from 6 till half-past 12emendation; you are required to lunch on cold fowl and so forth, from half-past 12 until 3; you are obliged to skirmish through a dinner comprising such edibles as the world produces, and keep it up, from 3 until half-past 7; you are then compelled to lay siegeemendation to the tea-table from half-past 7 until 9 o'clock, at which hour, if you refuse to move upon the supper works and destroy oysters gotten up in all kinds of seductive styles until 12 o'clock, the landlord will certainly be offended, and you might as well move your trunk to some other establishment. [It is a pleasure to me to observe, incidentally, that I am on good terms with the landlord yet.]

Why don't you send Danexplanatory note down into the Gould & Curry mine, to see whether it has petered out or not, and if so, when it will be [begin page 11] likely to peter in again. The extraordinary decline of that stockexplanatory note has given rise to the wildest surmises in the way of accounting for it, but among the lot there is harm in but one, which is the expressed belief on the part of a few that the bottom has fallen out of the mine. Gould & Curry is climbing again, however.

It has been many a day since San Francisco has seen livelier times in her theatrical department than at present. Large audiences are to be found nightly at the Opera House, the Metropolitan, the Academy of Music, the American, the New Ideaexplanatory note, and even the Museumexplanatory note emendation, which is not as good a one as Barnum's. The Circus companyexplanatory note, also, played a lucrative engagement, but they are gone on their travels now. The graceful, charming, clipper-built Ella Zoyaraexplanatory note was very popular.

Miss Caroline Richingsexplanatory note has played during the past fortnight at Maguire's Opera House to large and fashionable audiences, and has delighted them beyond measure with her sweet singing. It sounds improbable, perhaps, but the statement is true, nevertheless.

You will hear of the Metropolitan, now, from every visitoremendation to Washoe. It opened under the management of the new lesseesemendation, Miss Annette Inceexplanatory note and Julia Dean Hayneexplanatory note, with a company who are as nearly all stars as it was possible to make it. For instance —Annette Ince, Emily Jordanexplanatory note, Mrs. Judahexplanatory note, Julia Dean Hayne, James H. Taylorexplanatory note, Frank Lawlorexplanatory note, Harry Courtaineexplanatory note and Fred. Franksexplanatory note, (my favorite Washoe tragedian, whose name they have put in small letters in the programme, when it deserves to be in capitals—because,emendation whatever part they give him to play, don't he always play it well? and does he not possess the first virtue of a comedian, which is to do humorous things with grave decorum and without seeming to know that they are funny?)emendation

The birds, and the flowers, and the Chinamen, and the winds, and the sunshine, and all things that go to make life happy, are present in San Francisco to-day, just as they are all days in the year. Therefore, one would expect to hear these things spoken of, and gratefully, and disagreeable matters of little consequence allowed to pass without comment. I say, oneemendation would suppose that. But don't you deceive yourself—any one who supposes anything of the kind, supposes an absurdity. The multitude of pleasant [begin page 12] things by which the people of San Francisco are surrounded are not talked of at all. No—they damn the wind, and they damn the dust, and they give all their attention to damning them well, and to all eternity. The blasted winds and the infernal dust—these alone form the eternal topics of conversation, and a mighty absurd topic it seems to one just out of Washoe. There isn't enough wind here to keep breath in my body, or dust enough to keep sand in my craw. But it is human nature to find fault—to overlook that which is pleasant to the eye, and seek after that which is distasteful to it. You take a stranger into the Bank Exchangeexplanatory note and show him the magnificent picture of Sampson and Delilahexplanatory note, and what is the first object he notices?—Sampson's fine face and flaming eye? or the noble beauty of his form? or the lovely, half-nude Delilah? or the muscular Philistine behind Sampson, who is furtively admiring her charms? or the perfectly counterfeited folds of the rich drapery below her knees? or the symmetry and truth to nature of Sampson's left foot? No, sir, the first thing that catches his eye is the scissors on the floor at Delilah's feet, and the first thing he says, “Them scissors is too modern—there warn't no scissors like that in them days, by a d—d sight!”

Mark Twain.textual note

Editorial Emendations “Mark Twain” in the Metropolis
  To  (I-C)  •  “To
  Limburger (I-C)  •  Limberger
  12 (I-C)  •  I2
  siege (I-C)  •  seige
  Museum (I-C)  •  Musenm
  visitor (I-C)  •  vistor
  lessees (I-C)  •  leesees
  because, (I-C)  •  because[,]
  funny?) (I-C)  •  funny.
  one (I-C)  •  ono
Textual Notes “Mark Twain” in the Metropolis
  Mark Twain.] As in the copy-text, which did not, however, reprint the author's normal letter greeting to “Eds. Enterprise.” Since the item is nevertheless a letter, we have retained the author's signature.
Explanatory Notes “Mark Twain” in the Metropolis
 broken spirit of the contrite heart] Compare Ps. 51:17.
 Dan] Clemens' friend and fellow Enterprise reporter Dan De Quille (William Wright). See the headnote to “The Illustrious Departed” (no. 32).
 extraordinary decline of that stock] The cost of a share of Gould and Curry stock rose from $500 to $5,600 between March 1862 and July 1863. But by late March 1864 a share brought only $4,500, and in early June, $2,900. The most precipitous decline came between 21 June and 30 July 1864, when the price per share fell from $3,250 to $900 (San Francisco Alta California, 3 August 1863, p. 1; ibid., 22 June 1864, p. 6; San Francisco Morning Call, 3 June 1864, p. 3; ibid., 31 March 1864, p. 3; Golden Era 12 [7 August 1864]: 8).
 Opera House . . . New Idea] Thomas Maguire's Opera House on Washington Street and the Metropolitan Theatre around the corner on Montgomery Street had long been dominating rivals in San Francisco's theatrical district. Maguire's Academy of Music, located to the south on Pine Street, opened in May 1864. The American Theatre, a prominant playhouse in the early 1850s, was used only occasionally during the 1860s. E. G. Bert's New Idea Melodeon on Commercial Street near Kearny, formerly the Union Theatre, was a variety and minstrel hall dating from May 1853 (Estavan, Theatre Research, 15:58–70, 75, 98–99, 164; Langley, Directory for 1864, pp. 9, 431).
 Museum] F. Gilbert's museum on Market Street opposite Second, then featuring such exhibits as “Prof. Hutchinson, The Lightning Calculator,” and “The Little North Carolina Slave, The Smallest Woman in the World” (San Francisco Alta California, 20 June 1864, p. 6).
 Circus company] John Wilson's circus, the Hippotheatron, which performed in a Jackson Street pavilion when in San Francisco. On June 10 the company left the city for a “tour through the interior of the state” (San Francisco Alta California, 9 June 1864, p. 6; “Hippotheatron,” ibid., 10 June 1864, p. 1).
 Ella Zoyara] The name adopted by Omar Kingsley, a circus rider who was trained in Europe as a female impersonator and eventually became a major attraction at Wilson's circus. His sex was frequently a matter for debate in the press (Gagey, San Francisco Stage, p. 108; “Of What Sex, Zoyara?” Californian 1 [28 May 1864]: 9).
 Miss Caroline Richings] An accomplished pianist and the soprano prima donna of the Peter Richings English Opera Troupe, which opened at Maguire's Opera House on May 30. Born Caroline Reynoldson, she was Richings' adopted daughter. She lived at the Occidental Hotel, as did Clemens, who always spoke well of her performances (“Dramatic and Musical,” Californian 1 [25 June 1864]: 4; San Francisco Morning Call, 29 May 1864, p. 1; “Personal,” Buffalo Express, 26 June 1871, p. 2; Langley, Directory for 1864, p. 337).
 Miss Annette Ince] A pupil of Peter Richings and a favorite tragedienne of western audiences since 1857. On June 10 she and Julia Dean Hayne became joint managers of the Metropolitan Theatre and began a successful season with the cast described in this sketch (Brown, American Stage, p. 191; San Francisco Morning Call, 10 June 1864, p. 1).
 Julia Dean Hayne] A leading western actress from 1856 to 1865 who was well known to Clemens (see “ ‘Mark Twain's’ Letter,” no. 54, and “ ‘Mark Twain's’ Letter,” San Francisco Morning Call, 15 July 1863, p. 1).
 Emily Jordan] A successful actress in the East and in England who came to San Francisco in 1863. In August 1864 Clemens reviewed her performance of the title role in Mazeppa (Brown, American Stage, pp. 198–199; CofC , pp. 94–95).
 Mrs. Judah] In 1852 at age forty Mariette Starfield Judah first played in San Francisco at the Jenny Lind Theatre. Over the next three decades she acquired a reputation as the “grand old woman” of the San Francisco stage (Estavan, Theatre Research, 5:100–103).
 James H. Taylor] A veteran of the eastern stage since 1851, and a successful supporting actor in California during the mid-1860s (Brown, American Stage, p. 357).
 Frank Lawlor] Lawlor began acting in California in 1857. Following years of successful appearances in the East and in England, he eventually returned to San Francisco as a director of the California Theatre (Brown, American Stage, p. 214; Gagey, San Francisco Stage, p. 151).
 Harry Courtaine] Courtaine came to San Francisco around 1860 from London's Drury Lane Theatre. He was a talented actor, especially in comic roles, but was notorious for his alcoholism (Gagey, San Francisco Stage, p. 82).
 Fred. Franks] During July and August of 1863 Franks acted in Virginia City, where Clemens must have observed him frequently (theater advertisements, Virginia City Evening Bulletin, July and August 1863).
 Bank Exchange] The fashionable Bank Exchange Billiard Saloon on Montgomery Street reopened in early June after a complete renovation. It was well known to Clemens (Langley, Directory for 1864, p. 599; “Our S. F. Letter—IV,” Unionville [Nev.] Humboldt Register, 11 June 1864, p. 2; AD, 26 May 1907, MTE , p. 364).
 picture of Sampson and Delilah] Perhaps the painting of Samson and Delilah that the art critic Magilp reviewed for the Morning Call in March 1865. Magilp attributed the painting to “Jacobs,” in the style of Rubens. Paul Emil Jacobs (1803–1866) specialized in painting biblical and classical scenes, and one of his works was called The Capture of Samson (“The California Art-Union,” San Francisco Morning Call, 26 March 1865, p. 1; George C. Williamson, comp., Bryan's Dictionary of Painters and Engravers, 5 vols. [London: George Bell and Sons, 1904], s.v. “Jacobs, Paul Emil”).